Bio Flashcards
Why is the incompressible nature of water important for animals/ plants?
It provides turgidity to plant cells to help support and growth.
It provides a hydrostatic skeleton for some small animals
What are the three ways for ATP + P?
1) photo phosphorylation- happens in chlorophyll during photosynthesis
2) oxidative photo phosphorylation- happens in the mitochondria during electron transport chain
3) substrate level phosphorylation- phosphate group are transferred from donor molecule to adp
How does water have a high surface tension and what is the significance of this for organisms?
Water molecules are attracted to one other due to its cohesive properties, which forms hydrogen bonds between the molecules. This allows a high surface tension which can be used for capillary action in plants, to allow insects to ‘walk’ on water’
What is the difference between proteins and nucleic acids in terms of elements?
Proteins: C, H, O , N, S
nucleic acids: C, H, O, N, P
What is the importance of glycogen being insoluble?
It has no osmotic effect and while not diffuse out of the cell
What are non essential amino acids?
They are amino acids that your body can produce even if you don’t get them from food
What is visceral fat?
It is fat around the organs
What bonds form in a condensation reaction of a triglycerides?
Ester bonds
What bonds can from in the tertiary structure?
Disulfide bridges
Ionic bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Hydrophobic and hydrophilic
Order these from most branched to least: amylopectin’s, amylose, glycogen
Glycogen, amylopectin, amylose
What is a sterol
A complex alcohol molecules with 4 carbon ring structure with OH group at one end
What is subcutaneous fat?
Fat underneath the skin which insulates the body
What is the property when water molecules are attracted to other materials
Adhesive
What is the process that describes the formation of cellulose?
Condensation polymerisation of B-glucose molecules
Which ion is required for the hydrolysis of starch by an enzyme? (Cl-,k+, Na+, Zn2+)
Cl-
What is the most soluble and lest soluble carbohydrates?
Most soluble glucose
Leats soluble amylopectin
Name three functions if triglycerides in living organisms
1) insulation
2) energy source for respiration
3) buoyancy
4) protection around kidneys
What is the structure of purines
Double ringed
What is the structure of pyramidines
Single ringed
Why does a colorimeter need to be calibrated
To maintain accuracy and repeatability in measurements.
How does the sugar phosphate backbone run in one of the polynucleotide chains and how does the other polynucleotide chain run? What is this called?
From 5’ to 3’ and the other from 3’ to 5’
This is the antiparallel nature of dna
What is the definition of a degenerate code
A code in which several codes have the same meaning
What bonds forms between two nitrogenous based holding the two polynucleotide chains together
Hydrogen bonds
What is the sample ground in the extraction of dna
It breaks down the cell walls
