Bio

Question 1

What is the Nucleolus

Answer 1

The nucleolus is a structure in the nucleus that synthesizes ribosomes RNA (rRNA). It appears as a large dark spot in the nucleus

Question 2

What is a mitochondria

Answer 2

The mitochondria is a double membraned organelle with structures in its inner membrane that allow it to generate ATP

Question 3

What does it mean that mitochondria are semi-autonomous

Answer 3

It means that mitochondria can do a couple of functions on their own independently from the cell.

Question 4

What is the function of the mitochondria’s outer membrane?

Answer 4

The mitochondria outer membrane serves as a selective barrier between the cytosol and the inner environment of the mitochondria

Question 5

What are cristae?

Answer 5

Cristae are the infoldings of the inner mitochondria membrane. These foldings increase the surface area available for electron transport chain enzymes

Question 6

What is the mitochondria matrix?

Answer 6

The mitochondria matrix is the space inside the mitochondrion’s inner membrane

Question 7

What is the intermembrane space?

Answer 7

The space between the outer and inner membrane of the mitochondrion

Question 8

What are the two functions of the mitochondria

Answer 8

1. The mitochondria produce useful chemical energy in the form of ATP through the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain
2. Mitochondria can induce apoptosis by releasing electron transport chain enzymes

Question 9

What is apoptosis?

Answer 9

Apoptosis is intentional cell death. This is a cell dying because it was told to die and it listened, not because it was just randomly killed

Question 10

What are lysosomes ?

Answer 10

Lysosomes are membrane bound structures containing hydrolytic enzymes. They are found floating in the cell’s cytoplasm

Question 11

What is the function of lysosomes

Answer 11

To digest both foreign material that has been brought into the cell and damaged or unneeded organelle

Question 12

How does a lysosome digest something?

Answer 12

The lysosome will fuse its membrane with the carrier, inject its hydrolytic enzymes into the new macro structure

Question 13

What is an endosome

Answer 13

An endosome is an endocytic vesicle that pinches off from the membrane during endocytosis

Question 14

What are the three places an endosome can transport material too

Answer 14

To and from the plasma membrane
To the Lysosomes
To the transgolgi

Question 15

What happens if a lysosome releases its enzymes

Answer 15

If a lysosome releases its enzymes, the enzymes will break down the cell. Call autolysis

Question 16

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 16

The Endoplasmic Reticulum is a series of interconnected membranes that are contiguous with the nucleus envelope

Question 17

What are the two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 17

Rough and smooth

Question 18

What is the rough ER and what is it’s function

Answer 18

Rough ER is an ER studded with ribosomes. These ribosomes take in ingredients from the cytosol, but secrete their proteins directly into the lumen of the ER

Question 19

What is smooth ER and what are its 3 functions

Answer 19

1. Lipid synthesized
2. Also detoxifies certain drugs and poison
3. Proteins travel there after being made in the rough ER to be packaged and sent to the Golgi apparatus

Question 20

What is an organelle

Answer 20

An organelle is any specific sub unit within the cell that has a specialized function. These functions range from generating energy, protecting the cell, digesting things, transporting stuff