bio 122 final exam

Question 1

15: what are the lines of evidence in support of evolution?

Answer 1

• fossil evidence
• biogeographical evidence
• biochemical evidence
• anatomical evidence
• evidence from developmental biology

Question 2

15: what are some current examples of evolution?

Answer 2

• fish evolving in response to pollutants
• bedbugs evolving resistance to pesticides

Question 3

15: what are homologous traits?

Answer 3

• similarities among organisms that were inherited from a common ancestor (ex. limbs of humans, cats, and whales)
• this is better evidence for evolution than analogous traits

Question 4

15: what are analogous traits?

Answer 4

structures that have similar functions but are not inherited from a common ancestor (ex. wings of butterflies and birds)

Question 5

15: what did Darwin conclude from the Galapagos islands?

Answer 5

• biological diversity arises from adaption to the environment, which can eventually lead to the formation of new species
• all organisms share a common ancestor

Question 6

19: what is the hierarchy of biological classification?

Answer 6

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 7

19: what type of data can be used to build a phylogenetic tree?

Answer 7

morphological, molecular, or behavioral features

Question 8

19: what are the components of a scientific name?

Answer 8

• the genus is capitalized and the species is not
• both names are italicized

Question 9

19: what is an outgroup?

Answer 9

a group that has a known relationship to, but is not a member of, the taxa being analyzed

Question 10

19: what is the concept of parsimony?

Answer 10

considers the simplest solution to be the “optimal” solution

Question 11

20: what domains represent the first cells?

Answer 11

archaea, bacteria, and eukarya

Question 12

24: characteristics of monocots and eudicots

Answer 12

monocots: one cotyledon, multiples of 3, parallel veins
eudicots: two cotyledon, multiples of 4 or 5, net-like veins

Question 13

24: what is evaporation from plants called?

Answer 13

transpiration

Question 14

24: what is a flower?

Answer 14

the main reproductive part of a plant

Question 15

24: what is the function of a fruit?

Answer 15

to spread seeds and allow the plant to reproduce

Question 16

29: what are the four chordate hallmarks?

Answer 16

notochord, post anal tail, pharyngeal pouch, dorsal hollow nerve chord

Question 17

29: what are the 3 linages of mammals?

Answer 17

monotremes, marsupials, placentals

Question 18

29: are all vertebrates chordates? are all chordates vertebrates?

Answer 18

• yes
• no