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Bio 120 > Bio 120 exam 1 > Flashcards

Bio 120 exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biology is the study of what?

A

Living things and natural science

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2
Q

What is NOT an example of a natural science?
A. Chemistry
B. Earth science
C. Physics
D. Biology
E. Astronomy
F. Psychology

A

F. Psychology

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3
Q

What is the behavioral definition of living things? A living thing has what …

A

Movement, respiration, sensitivity, nutrition, excretion, reproduction, growth

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4
Q

According to the molecular / biochemistry definition of a living thing, what unifying concepts is it based on?

A

The cell, genetic material, emergent properties, regulation, and interaction with the environment

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5
Q

The molecular / biochemistry definition of living things states that all living things must share what?

A

Certain characteristics (aka genetic material, regulation, cells

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6
Q

What is not apart of the cell theory?
A. All living things are made up of other cells
B. Cells only comes from other cells
C. Cells must duplicate and replicate
D. All of the above

A

C. Cells must duplicate and replicate

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7
Q

Which of the following best describes an emergent property?
A. Metamorphosis
B. The whole is greater than its parts
C. Nature is cyclical
D. Gradual change over time
E. Utilization of energy

A

B. The whole is greater than its parts

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8
Q

What is DNA?
A. Is the genetical material used by all living things
B. Contains genetic info
C. Must be copied accurately
D. Must be interpreted
E. All of the above

A

E. All of the above

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9
Q

True or False? Enzymes catalyze regulation?

A

True

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10
Q

Does regulation involve positive feedback and negative feedback?

A

Yes, it may involve either

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11
Q

What is not example of negative feedback?
A. Regulation of body temperature
B. Regulation of blood calcium levels
C. Childbirth contractions
D. Sweating to maintain body temperature

A

C. Childbirth contractions

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12
Q

What does negative feedback do?

A

It regulates back to equilibrium (reversal effect)

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13
Q

Which is an example of positive feedback?
A. Childbirth contractions
B. Sweating
C. Regulating blood sugar

A

A. Childbirth contractions

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14
Q

Which is more common? Negative feedback or positive feedback?

A

Negative feedback

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15
Q

Which of these does no describe DNA?
A. Generic material used by all organisms
B. Double helix structure
C. Deoxyribonucleic acid
D. Catalyzes biochemical reactions
E. Composed of nucleotides

A

D. Catalyzes biochemical reactions

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16
Q

How do you group / organize biological diversity? And what is used?

A

Hierarchical organization

Group like with like & DNA sequence similarity

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17
Q

What are the 8 taxonomic group?

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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18
Q

Out of the 8 taxonomic group, which is the largest and most inclusive?

A

Domain

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19
Q

Out of the 8 taxonomic group, which is the smallest and most exclusive?

A

Species

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20
Q

What are the 2 domains that exist?

A

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

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21
Q

Is bacteria apart of prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes

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22
Q

In descending order of the biological hierarchy, which is these is correct?
A. Organism > population > community > ecosystem
B. Population > community > organism > ecosystem
C. Community > organism > ecosystem > population
D. Ecosystem > community > population > organism
E. None of these

A

D. Ecosystem > community > population > organism

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23
Q

Name the biological hierarchy.

A

Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ (organized into organ systems), cell, organelle, molecule, atom

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24
Q

Of the biological hierarchy, which is “all environments on earth that have life?”

A

Biosphere

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25
Q

Of the biological hierarchy, which is “all living things in a specific area, plus all nonliving things they interact with”

A

ecosystem

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26
Q

Of the biological hierarchy, which is “all organisms living in a particular ecosystem”

A

community

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27
Q

Of the biological hierarchy, which is “all individuals of a given species living in a specified area

A

population

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28
Q

Of the biological hierarchy, which is an “individual living thing

A

organism

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29
Q

Of the biological hierarchy, which is a “body part made up of 2 or more tissues that carries out a particular function

A

organ

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30
Q

an organ is organized into what?

A

organ systems (11 organ systems)

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31
Q

Of the biological hierarchy, which is “a group of similar cells”

A

tissue

32
Q

Of the biological hierarchy, which is “the life’s fundamental unit of structure and function”

A

cell

33
Q

Which organisms are not unicellular?
A. Humans
B. bacterium
C. amoeba
D. euglena

A

A. humans

34
Q

which organisms are multicellular?
A. Humans
B. bacterium
C. amoeba
D. euglena

A

A. Humans

35
Q

Of the biological hierarchy, which is “the part of a cell that performs a specific function”

A

organelle

36
Q

Of the biological hierarchy, which is the “chemical structure made up of 2 or more atoms”

A

molecule

37
Q

Of the biological hierarchy, what is the “smallest unit of an element that retains chemical properties of an element”

A

atoms

38
Q

Collecting and processing information requires coordination of brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. This is an example of:
A. organ
B. organ system
C. organism
D. molecules
E. population

A

B. organ system

39
Q

what type of logic is science based on? (mark all that apply)
A. hypotheses
B. inductive reasoning
C. published medical books
D. deductive reasoning
E. medical journals written by doctors

A

B. inductive reasoning and D. deductive reasoning

40
Q

Is this an example of deductive or inductive reasoning? why / why not
1. all men are mortal
2. socrates is a man
3. therefore, socrates is mortal

A

deductive reasoning. goes from general to specific

41
Q

is this an example of deductive or inductive reasoning? why / why not
1. all organisms with wings can fly
2. penguins have wings
3. therefore, penguins can fly

A

neither. statements have to true and correct. this example is false, even though penguins have wings, they cannot fly

42
Q

what is the difference between inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning?

A

inductive reasoning: specific to general statements
deductive reasoning: general to specific statements

43
Q

what are the steps to the scientific method (in order)?

A

make observations, formulate a question(s), form a hypothesis(hypotheses), experiments

44
Q

which of these taxonomic group is the smallest and most exclusive?
A. order
B. class
C. kingdom
D. genus
E. phylum

A

D. genus

45
Q

when does a hypothesis becomes a theory?
A. when you form a hypothesis
B. when it is supported by a large amount of experimental testing
C. when someone else confirms it
D. none of the above

A

B. when it is supported by a large amount of experimental testing

46
Q

what is the definition of chemistry?

A

the study of matter and its interactions

47
Q

how is an element defined by:
A. its symbol
B. its atomic number
C. its atomic mass
D. its none of the above

A

B. its atomic number

48
Q

what is the definition of an element?
A. the symbol on the periodic table
B. a pure chemical substance made up of 2 types of atoms
C. a pure chemical substance made up of 1 type of atom
D. a chemical substance that forms with other elements

A

C. a pure chemical substance made up of 1 type of atom

49
Q

where can you find the atomic number?

A

on top of the element symbol on the periodic table

50
Q

__ is the number of protons in an atom?
A. atomic mass
B. Dalton (Da)
C. atomic mass
D. atomic number
E. none of the above

A

D. atomic number

51
Q

true or false? the atomic number is equal to the number of electrons in an uncharged atom.

A

True

52
Q

What is the definition of an isotope?
A. same number of protons and electrons
B. same number of protons but different number of neutrons
C. same number of protons but different number of neutrons
D. same number of neutrons and electrons
E. same number of neutrons but different number of electrons

A

C. same number of protons but different number of neutrons

53
Q

all organisms living in a particular ecosystem is a __?
A. community
B. ecosystem
C. population
D. biosphere
E. none of these are correct

A

A. community

54
Q

if the atomic mass of Chlorine (Cl) is 35.5. How is this possible?

A

if 35.5 is the atomic mass
and 75% of Cl is Cl 35, and 25% of Cl is Cl 37
then = 35(3) = 105

55
Q

if the atomic mass of Chlorine (Cl) is 35.5. How is this possible?

A

if 35.5 is the atomic mass
and 75% of Cl is Cl 35, and 25% of Cl is Cl 37
then = 35(3) = 105
37(1) = 37
= 142
142 / 4 = 35.5

56
Q

what is Dalton (Da)?
A. the measure of atoms
B. the weight of molecules
C. the weight of 1 proton or neutron
D. the weight of 1 proton or electron
E. none of the above

A

C. the weight of 1 proton or neutron

example: the weight is Carbon (C) is 12 Da (is equal to the # of protons)

57
Q

what is the weight of water (H2O) in Da?
A. 3 Da
B. 18 Da
C. 2 Da
D. none of the above

A

B. 18 Da

H = 1 Da each = 2 Da total
O = 16 Da each = 16 Da total
Da total = 18 Da

58
Q

what are the 6 naturally occurring elements that are required in large amounts?

A

C, H, N, O, P, S

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphate, Sulfur

59
Q

what are the 6 trace elements that are required in smaller amounts?

A

Co, Cu, Fe, I, Zn, Mo

Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Iodine, Zinc, Molybdenum

60
Q

What is the definition of a compound?
A. composed of 3 of more elements
B. composed of 1 or more elements
C. composed of 2 or more elements
D. composed of a natural occurring elements and a halogen
E. composed of only 2 naturally occurring elements

A

C. composed of 2 or more elements

61
Q

True or false? atoms are chemically bound together.

A

true

62
Q

an uncharged potassium (K) atom has an atomic number 19 and atomic mass of 39. how many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have?
A. 20 p, 19 n, 20 e-
B. 19 p, 20 n, 18 e-
C. 19 p, 20 n, 19 e-
D. 19 p, 39 n, 19 e-
E. none of these is correct

A

C. 19 p, 20 n, 19 e-

atomic mass = protons + neutrons
atomic number = number of electrons

63
Q

how many electrons should each shell have? In the 1st shell, 2nd shell, and 3rd shell.

A

1st shell = 2 electrons (max)
2nd shell = 8 electrons (max)
3rd shell = 8 electrons (max)

64
Q

what is the definition of inert?
A. elements with full outermost shells
B. elements with half full outermost shell
C. elements with only 2 shells
D. none of these

A

A. elements with full outermost shells

inert = elements with full outermost shells are more stable and less reactive with other elements

65
Q

what does reactivity depend on?
A. the number of paired electrons
B. the atomic number
C. the atomic mass number
D. the number of unpaired electrons
E. the number of unpaired electrons in the outermost shell

A

E. the number of unpaired electrons in the outermost shell

66
Q

which of these elements has an ionic bond? (Mark all that apply)
A. Na
B. Li
C. NaCl
D. HCl
E. all of the above

A

C. NaCl and D. HCl

67
Q

true or false? a cation has a negative charge

A

false

cation = positive charge
anion = negative charge

68
Q

how does a covalent bond form?
A. when atoms share pairs of electrons to fill outermost shell of both atoms
B. when atoms are equally electronegative (share electrons equally)
C. when bonds are formed by an atom of a given element

A

A. when atoms share pairs of electrons to fill outermost shell of both atoms

69
Q

how many valence electrons does copper (Co) have?
A. 2
B. 16
C. 18
D. 5
E. 1

A

E. 1

valence electrons = group number of periodic table (in this case, Cu is in group 11 = group 1)

70
Q

how many valence electrons does hydrogen (H) have?
A. 2
B. 0
C. 1
D. -1

A

C. 1

71
Q

how many valence electrons does oxygen (O) have?
A. 8
B. 16
C. 6
D. 7
E. 18

A

C. 6

oxygen = group 16 = 6 valence electrons

72
Q

how many valence electrons does zinc (Zn) have?
A. 12
B. 10
C. 2
D. 0
E. 13

A

C. 2

Zn = group 12 = 2 valence electrons

73
Q

when do nonpolar bonds form?
A. when electrons transfer between atoms, which creates ions
B. when atoms share pairs of electrons to fill outermost shell
C. when atoms are equally electronegative (sharing electrons equally)
D. when one atom is more electronegative than the other

A

C. when atoms are equally electronegative (sharing electrons equally)

74
Q

which of these elements is an example of a nonpolar bond?
A. CH4
B. H2O
C. HCl
D. HF

A

A. CH4

75
Q

what is a polar covalent bond?
A. when 1 atom is more electronegative the other
B. 1 side of the molecule gains a positive charge
C. the other side of the molecule gains a partial negative charge
D. H2O
E. all of the above

A

E. all of the above

Bio 120 (1 decks)

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