Bio 120 exam 1 Flashcards
Biology is the study of what?
Living things and natural science
What is NOT an example of a natural science?
A. Chemistry
B. Earth science
C. Physics
D. Biology
E. Astronomy
F. Psychology
F. Psychology
What is the behavioral definition of living things? A living thing has what …
Movement, respiration, sensitivity, nutrition, excretion, reproduction, growth
According to the molecular / biochemistry definition of a living thing, what unifying concepts is it based on?
The cell, genetic material, emergent properties, regulation, and interaction with the environment
The molecular / biochemistry definition of living things states that all living things must share what?
Certain characteristics (aka genetic material, regulation, cells
What is not apart of the cell theory?
A. All living things are made up of other cells
B. Cells only comes from other cells
C. Cells must duplicate and replicate
D. All of the above
C. Cells must duplicate and replicate
Which of the following best describes an emergent property?
A. Metamorphosis
B. The whole is greater than its parts
C. Nature is cyclical
D. Gradual change over time
E. Utilization of energy
B. The whole is greater than its parts
What is DNA?
A. Is the genetical material used by all living things
B. Contains genetic info
C. Must be copied accurately
D. Must be interpreted
E. All of the above
E. All of the above
True or False? Enzymes catalyze regulation?
True
Does regulation involve positive feedback and negative feedback?
Yes, it may involve either
What is not example of negative feedback?
A. Regulation of body temperature
B. Regulation of blood calcium levels
C. Childbirth contractions
D. Sweating to maintain body temperature
C. Childbirth contractions
What does negative feedback do?
It regulates back to equilibrium (reversal effect)
Which is an example of positive feedback?
A. Childbirth contractions
B. Sweating
C. Regulating blood sugar
A. Childbirth contractions
Which is more common? Negative feedback or positive feedback?
Negative feedback
Which of these does no describe DNA?
A. Generic material used by all organisms
B. Double helix structure
C. Deoxyribonucleic acid
D. Catalyzes biochemical reactions
E. Composed of nucleotides
D. Catalyzes biochemical reactions
How do you group / organize biological diversity? And what is used?
Hierarchical organization
Group like with like & DNA sequence similarity
What are the 8 taxonomic group?
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Out of the 8 taxonomic group, which is the largest and most inclusive?
Domain
Out of the 8 taxonomic group, which is the smallest and most exclusive?
Species
What are the 2 domains that exist?
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Is bacteria apart of prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes
In descending order of the biological hierarchy, which is these is correct?
A. Organism > population > community > ecosystem
B. Population > community > organism > ecosystem
C. Community > organism > ecosystem > population
D. Ecosystem > community > population > organism
E. None of these
D. Ecosystem > community > population > organism
Name the biological hierarchy.
Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ (organized into organ systems), cell, organelle, molecule, atom
Of the biological hierarchy, which is “all environments on earth that have life?”
Biosphere
Of the biological hierarchy, which is “all living things in a specific area, plus all nonliving things they interact with”
ecosystem
Of the biological hierarchy, which is “all organisms living in a particular ecosystem”
community
Of the biological hierarchy, which is “all individuals of a given species living in a specified area
population
Of the biological hierarchy, which is an “individual living thing
organism
Of the biological hierarchy, which is a “body part made up of 2 or more tissues that carries out a particular function
organ
an organ is organized into what?
organ systems (11 organ systems)
Of the biological hierarchy, which is “a group of similar cells”
tissue
Of the biological hierarchy, which is “the life’s fundamental unit of structure and function”
cell
Which organisms are not unicellular?
A. Humans
B. bacterium
C. amoeba
D. euglena
A. humans
which organisms are multicellular?
A. Humans
B. bacterium
C. amoeba
D. euglena
A. Humans
Of the biological hierarchy, which is “the part of a cell that performs a specific function”
organelle
Of the biological hierarchy, which is the “chemical structure made up of 2 or more atoms”
molecule
Of the biological hierarchy, what is the “smallest unit of an element that retains chemical properties of an element”
atoms
Collecting and processing information requires coordination of brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. This is an example of:
A. organ
B. organ system
C. organism
D. molecules
E. population
B. organ system
what type of logic is science based on? (mark all that apply)
A. hypotheses
B. inductive reasoning
C. published medical books
D. deductive reasoning
E. medical journals written by doctors
B. inductive reasoning and D. deductive reasoning
Is this an example of deductive or inductive reasoning? why / why not
1. all men are mortal
2. socrates is a man
3. therefore, socrates is mortal
deductive reasoning. goes from general to specific
is this an example of deductive or inductive reasoning? why / why not
1. all organisms with wings can fly
2. penguins have wings
3. therefore, penguins can fly
neither. statements have to true and correct. this example is false, even though penguins have wings, they cannot fly
what is the difference between inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning?
inductive reasoning: specific to general statements
deductive reasoning: general to specific statements
what are the steps to the scientific method (in order)?
make observations, formulate a question(s), form a hypothesis(hypotheses), experiments
which of these taxonomic group is the smallest and most exclusive?
A. order
B. class
C. kingdom
D. genus
E. phylum
D. genus
when does a hypothesis becomes a theory?
A. when you form a hypothesis
B. when it is supported by a large amount of experimental testing
C. when someone else confirms it
D. none of the above
B. when it is supported by a large amount of experimental testing
what is the definition of chemistry?
the study of matter and its interactions
how is an element defined by:
A. its symbol
B. its atomic number
C. its atomic mass
D. its none of the above
B. its atomic number
what is the definition of an element?
A. the symbol on the periodic table
B. a pure chemical substance made up of 2 types of atoms
C. a pure chemical substance made up of 1 type of atom
D. a chemical substance that forms with other elements
C. a pure chemical substance made up of 1 type of atom
where can you find the atomic number?
on top of the element symbol on the periodic table
__ is the number of protons in an atom?
A. atomic mass
B. Dalton (Da)
C. atomic mass
D. atomic number
E. none of the above
D. atomic number
true or false? the atomic number is equal to the number of electrons in an uncharged atom.
True
What is the definition of an isotope?
A. same number of protons and electrons
B. same number of protons but different number of neutrons
C. same number of protons but different number of neutrons
D. same number of neutrons and electrons
E. same number of neutrons but different number of electrons
C. same number of protons but different number of neutrons
all organisms living in a particular ecosystem is a __?
A. community
B. ecosystem
C. population
D. biosphere
E. none of these are correct
A. community
if the atomic mass of Chlorine (Cl) is 35.5. How is this possible?
if 35.5 is the atomic mass
and 75% of Cl is Cl 35, and 25% of Cl is Cl 37
then = 35(3) = 105
if the atomic mass of Chlorine (Cl) is 35.5. How is this possible?
if 35.5 is the atomic mass
and 75% of Cl is Cl 35, and 25% of Cl is Cl 37
then = 35(3) = 105
37(1) = 37
= 142
142 / 4 = 35.5
what is Dalton (Da)?
A. the measure of atoms
B. the weight of molecules
C. the weight of 1 proton or neutron
D. the weight of 1 proton or electron
E. none of the above
C. the weight of 1 proton or neutron
example: the weight is Carbon (C) is 12 Da (is equal to the # of protons)
what is the weight of water (H2O) in Da?
A. 3 Da
B. 18 Da
C. 2 Da
D. none of the above
B. 18 Da
H = 1 Da each = 2 Da total
O = 16 Da each = 16 Da total
Da total = 18 Da
what are the 6 naturally occurring elements that are required in large amounts?
C, H, N, O, P, S
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphate, Sulfur
what are the 6 trace elements that are required in smaller amounts?
Co, Cu, Fe, I, Zn, Mo
Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Iodine, Zinc, Molybdenum
What is the definition of a compound?
A. composed of 3 of more elements
B. composed of 1 or more elements
C. composed of 2 or more elements
D. composed of a natural occurring elements and a halogen
E. composed of only 2 naturally occurring elements
C. composed of 2 or more elements
True or false? atoms are chemically bound together.
true
an uncharged potassium (K) atom has an atomic number 19 and atomic mass of 39. how many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have?
A. 20 p, 19 n, 20 e-
B. 19 p, 20 n, 18 e-
C. 19 p, 20 n, 19 e-
D. 19 p, 39 n, 19 e-
E. none of these is correct
C. 19 p, 20 n, 19 e-
atomic mass = protons + neutrons
atomic number = number of electrons
how many electrons should each shell have? In the 1st shell, 2nd shell, and 3rd shell.
1st shell = 2 electrons (max)
2nd shell = 8 electrons (max)
3rd shell = 8 electrons (max)
what is the definition of inert?
A. elements with full outermost shells
B. elements with half full outermost shell
C. elements with only 2 shells
D. none of these
A. elements with full outermost shells
inert = elements with full outermost shells are more stable and less reactive with other elements
what does reactivity depend on?
A. the number of paired electrons
B. the atomic number
C. the atomic mass number
D. the number of unpaired electrons
E. the number of unpaired electrons in the outermost shell
E. the number of unpaired electrons in the outermost shell
which of these elements has an ionic bond? (Mark all that apply)
A. Na
B. Li
C. NaCl
D. HCl
E. all of the above
C. NaCl and D. HCl
true or false? a cation has a negative charge
false
cation = positive charge
anion = negative charge
how does a covalent bond form?
A. when atoms share pairs of electrons to fill outermost shell of both atoms
B. when atoms are equally electronegative (share electrons equally)
C. when bonds are formed by an atom of a given element
A. when atoms share pairs of electrons to fill outermost shell of both atoms
how many valence electrons does copper (Co) have?
A. 2
B. 16
C. 18
D. 5
E. 1
E. 1
valence electrons = group number of periodic table (in this case, Cu is in group 11 = group 1)
how many valence electrons does hydrogen (H) have?
A. 2
B. 0
C. 1
D. -1
C. 1
how many valence electrons does oxygen (O) have?
A. 8
B. 16
C. 6
D. 7
E. 18
C. 6
oxygen = group 16 = 6 valence electrons
how many valence electrons does zinc (Zn) have?
A. 12
B. 10
C. 2
D. 0
E. 13
C. 2
Zn = group 12 = 2 valence electrons
when do nonpolar bonds form?
A. when electrons transfer between atoms, which creates ions
B. when atoms share pairs of electrons to fill outermost shell
C. when atoms are equally electronegative (sharing electrons equally)
D. when one atom is more electronegative than the other
C. when atoms are equally electronegative (sharing electrons equally)
which of these elements is an example of a nonpolar bond?
A. CH4
B. H2O
C. HCl
D. HF
A. CH4
what is a polar covalent bond?
A. when 1 atom is more electronegative the other
B. 1 side of the molecule gains a positive charge
C. the other side of the molecule gains a partial negative charge
D. H2O
E. all of the above
E. all of the above
