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Bio 120 Flashcards

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1
Q

What domain do archaea belong to?

A

Archaea

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2
Q

True or False: Archaea are more closely related to bacteria than to eukaryotes.

A

False

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: Archaea are known for their ability to live in __________ environments.

A

extreme

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4
Q

What are the three main groups of archaea?

A

Euryarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, and Korarchaeota

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5
Q

Which group of archaea is known for methane production?

A

Euryarchaeota

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6
Q

True or False: All archaea are extremophiles.

A

False

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7
Q

What is the primary component of archaeal cell membranes?

A

Ether-linked lipids

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8
Q

Which archaea are known to thrive in high-temperature environments?

A

Crenarchaeota

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9
Q

What is the significance of halophiles within the archaea?

A

They can survive in highly saline environments.

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10
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of archaea?
A) Peptidoglycan in cell walls
B) Unique ribosomal RNA
C) Ether-linked membrane lipids
D) Extremophilic capabilities

A

A) Peptidoglycan in cell walls

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: Archaea reproduce primarily by __________.

A

binary fission

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12
Q

What type of metabolism do many methanogens use?

A

Anaerobic respiration

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13
Q

True or False: All archaea are unicellular organisms.

A

True

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14
Q

What is a common habitat for thermophiles?

A

Hot springs

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15
Q

Which archaea are known for their ability to oxidize sulfur?

A

Some members of Crenarchaeota

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16
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following groups of archaea includes species that can tolerate extreme acidity?
A) Euryarchaeota
B) Crenarchaeota
C) Korarchaeota
D) All of the above

A

B) Crenarchaeota

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: The unique lipids found in archaea are called __________.

A

isoprenoids

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18
Q

What role do methanogens play in the carbon cycle?

A

They convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen into methane.

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19
Q

True or False: Archaea can perform photosynthesis.

A

True, some archaea can perform a form of photosynthesis.

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20
Q

Which archaea are often found in anaerobic environments such as swamps and marshes?

A

Methanogens

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21
Q

What is the main difference between archaeal and bacterial ribosomes?

A

Archaeal ribosomes are more similar to eukaryotic ribosomes.

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22
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the archaeal cell wall?
A) Made of peptidoglycan
B) Composed of S-layer proteins
C) Contains cellulose
D) None of the above

A

B) Composed of S-layer proteins

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: The study of archaea is important for understanding __________ biodiversity.

A

microbial

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24
Q

What type of archaeal metabolism is used by halophiles to generate energy?

A

Phototrophy using bacteriorhodopsin

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25
Q

True or False: Archaea have histones associated with their DNA.

A

True

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26
Q

What is the ecological role of archaea in marine environments?

A

They contribute to nutrient cycling and primary productivity.

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27
Q

Which group of archaea is known for its ability to survive in extremely hot and acidic conditions?

A

Thermoplasmatales

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28
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following environments is NOT typically associated with archaea?
A) Deep-sea hydrothermal vents
B) Human gut
C) Freshwater lakes
D) Arctic ice

A

C) Freshwater lakes

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29
Q

Fill in the blank: The process by which archaea convert organic compounds into methane is called __________.

A

methanogenesis

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30
Q

What is the primary energy source for hyperthermophilic archaea?

A

Hydrogen and organic compounds

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31
Q

True or False: Archaea can be found in the human microbiome.

A

True

32
Q

Which archaeal group is known for their role in nitrogen cycling?

A

Some Euryarchaeota

33
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a method used to study archaeal diversity?
A) Molecular phylogenetics
B) Traditional culturing
C) Microscopy
D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

34
Q

Fill in the blank: The unique ribosomal RNA of archaea is used for __________.

A

phylogenetic analysis

35
Q

What is the significance of studying archaeal extremophiles?

A

They provide insights into the limits of life and potential biotechnological applications.

36
Q

True or False: Archaea and bacteria have fundamentally different ribosomal structures.

A

True

37
Q

Which type of archaea are often involved in the degradation of organic materials in anaerobic environments?

A

Methanogens

38
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key characteristic of Crenarchaeota?
A) They are mostly mesophilic
B) They are primarily found in cold environments
C) They thrive in extreme temperatures
D) They include methanogens

A

C) They thrive in extreme temperatures

39
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ hypothesis suggests that archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria.

A

three-domain

40
Q

What role do archaeal enzymes play in biotechnology?

A

They are used in processes that require high temperature and stability.

41
Q

True or False: All archaea are pathogenic to humans.

A

False

42
Q

What is the main difference in the structure of archaeal and bacterial cell walls?

A

Archaeal cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan.

43
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common method for isolating archaea from environmental samples?
A) Serial dilution
B) PCR amplification
C) Enrichment culture techniques
D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

44
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ archaea are known for their ability to thrive in high-salt environments.

A

halophilic

45
Q

What are the two main types of archaeal metabolism?

A

Chemoautotrophy and heterotrophy

46
Q

True or False: Archaeal DNA is circular, similar to bacterial DNA.

A

True

47
Q

Which group of archaea is known for their diverse metabolic pathways?

A

Euryarchaeota

48
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following statements is true regarding archaeal genetics?
A) Archaea have linear chromosomes
B) Archaea use the same genetic code as bacteria
C) Archaea can undergo horizontal gene transfer
D) Archaea lack plasmids

A

C) Archaea can undergo horizontal gene transfer

49
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ of archaea is more similar to that of eukaryotes than to bacteria.

A

genetic machinery

50
Q

What is the ecological importance of archaea in the ocean?

A

They play a role in carbon cycling and nutrient availability.

51
Q

True or False: Archaea can be used in bioremediation processes.

A

True

52
Q

Which type of archaea is often found in geothermal areas?

A

Thermophiles

53
Q

Multiple Choice: What is the primary factor that distinguishes archaea from bacteria?
A) Presence of nucleus
B) Type of cell membrane lipids
C) Mode of reproduction
D) Size

A

B) Type of cell membrane lipids

54
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ of archaea allows them to survive in extreme environments.

A

metabolic diversity

55
Q

What is a common characteristic of all archaea?

A

They lack a true nucleus.

56
Q

True or False: Archaea have been found in permafrost environments.

A

True

57
Q

Which group of archaea is known for their role in sulfur cycling?

A

Some members of Crenarchaeota

58
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a potential application of archaeal research?
A) Biocontrol in agriculture
B) Biofuels production
C) Drug development
D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

59
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ of archaea can be studied through metagenomics.

A

diversity

60
Q

What is the significance of archaeal enzymes in industrial processes?

A

They are stable at high temperatures and extreme pH levels.

61
Q

True or False: Archaea are a significant component of the global carbon cycle.

A

True

62
Q

Which archaeal group is characterized by its ability to survive in extreme alkaline environments?

A

Alkaliphiles

63
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following methods is commonly used to identify archaea in environmental samples?
A) 16S rRNA sequencing
B) Gram staining
C) Electron microscopy
D) All of the above

A

A) 16S rRNA sequencing

64
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ domain of life includes organisms that are biochemically distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes.

A

archaeal

65
Q

What type of extremophile is found in hot, acidic environments?

A

Thermoacidophiles

66
Q

True or False: Archaea have a peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls.

A

False

67
Q

Which group of archaea is known for their ability to oxidize ammonia?

A

Some members of Euryarchaeota

68
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following environments is most likely to harbor methanogens?
A) Acidic hot springs
B) Anaerobic sediments
C) Marine water columns
D) Antarctic ice

A

B) Anaerobic sediments

69
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ of archaea is crucial for their survival in extreme environments.

A

cell membrane structure

70
Q

What role do archaeal communities play in ecosystems?

A

They contribute to nutrient cycling and energy flow.

71
Q

True or False: Archaea have a greater genetic diversity than bacteria.

A

True

72
Q

Which group of archaea is primarily involved in the nitrogen cycle?

A

Some Euryarchaeota

73
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a method used for studying archaeal diversity?
A) Environmental DNA sequencing
B) Classical culturing techniques
C) Microscopy
D) All of the above

A

A) Environmental DNA sequencing

74
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ of archaea often provides insights into evolutionary processes.

A

phylogenetic relationships

75
Q

What is the ecological impact of archaea in extreme environments?

A

They help maintain the stability and function of these ecosystems.

Bio 120 (1 decks)

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