Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 12 > Bio 12 General Reviewer > Flashcards

Bio 12 General Reviewer Flashcards

Contains most parts of Lab 2, Lec 2 and some parts of 1 and 3

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the most inclusive taxon, or most encompassing taxonomic category?

A

KINGDOM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hierarchy of taxonomic category

A

Kingdom > Phylum (animals) or Division (Plants) > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

IN PLANTS: -phyta indicates what?

A

DIVISION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

IN PLANTS: -opsida indicates what?

A

CLASS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

IN PLANTS: -ales indicates what?

A

ORDER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

IN PLANTS: -ceae indicates what?

A

FAMILY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

FIVE KINGDOMS: Monera

A

Includes the bacteria; a group of organisms that are distinguished from the rest of the kingdoms by their PROKARYOTIC cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Prokaryotic Cells

A

Simple cells, believed to be ancestors of prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

COMMON ANCESTOR of all organisms

A

A single-celled prokaryote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

FIVE KINGDOMS: Protista

A

The most diverse of the kingdoms. Has unicellular and multicellular organisms. As well as autotrophic and heterotrophic eukaryotes. Also include PROTOZOANS (fungal-like, animal-like, plant-like)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

FIVE KINGDOMS: Plantae

A

generally multicellular, land plants are thought to be descendants of a certain type of protist (a member of Div Chlorophyta, specifically Charophyta)

includes mosses, flowering plants (angiosperms), gymnosperms (naked seeds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

FIVE KINGDOMS: Fungi

A

generally multicellular, but Saccharomyces is UNICELLULAR

HETEROTROPHIC (saprobic or parasitic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

FIVE KINGDOMS: Animalia

A

multicellular, more related to fungi than to plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

THREE DOMAIN SYSTEM

A

Eukarya
Archaea
Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Domain Eukarya

A

Protists, Fungi, Plants and Animals

Those with EUKARYOTIC CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Kingdom MONERA

A

Includes D. ARCHAEA and BACTERIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Domain > Kingdom. True or false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

THALLOPHYTES

A

Had THALLUS which was UNdifferentiated. Hard to distinguish stem-like, leaf-like, and root-like structures. Do NOT have the ability to form embryos

Includes MONERA, PROTISTA, FUNGI

Algae which belong to Protista are photosynthetic autotrophs

Fungi are HETEROtrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

EMBRYOPHYTES

A

had the ability to FORM EMBRYOS, and their THALLUS IS DIFFERENTIATED. You can easily tell the leaves, roots, stems and flowers.

Includes ANIMALIA & PLANTAE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Kingdom Monera

A

Prokaryotic
General morphology: unicellular, colonial, or simple multicellular

D. SCHIZOPHYTA - Bacteria
D. CYANOPHYTA - Cyanobacteria

21
Q

Fimbriae

A

attachment pili

hairlike appendages that helps cells adhere to other cells or to a substrate

22
Q

Capsule

A

sticky layer of polysaccharide or protein that can help cell adherence and/or evasion of a host’s immune system; covers the cell wall

helps them become resistant to antibiotics

23
Q

Flagella

A

organs used by motile bacteria for propulsion

24
Q

Taxis

A

movement away or towards from a stimuli

25
Q

Cell Wall

A

found in nearly all prokaryotes

gram-negative bacteria: THIN peptidoglycan layer, stains red
gram-positive bacteria: FAT peptidoglycan layer, stains purple
NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN IN ARCHAEBACTERIA

26
Q

Circular chromosomes

A

Structure in prokaryotes often accompanied by smaller rings of DNA called plasmids

27
Q

Sex pilus

A

Appendages that facilitates conjugation

28
Q

Coccus bacteria

A

Spherical

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus

29
Q

Bacillus bacteria

A

Rod-shaped

Rhizobium
Escherichia coli

30
Q

Spirillum bacteria

A

spiral
corkscrew shaped

Spirillum

31
Q

Non-pathogenic bacteria

A

E. coli - helps break down organic materials in the digestive system
Lactobacillus

does not cause diseases
good bacteria

32
Q

Pathogenic

A

causes diseases
bad bacteria

S. aureus
Streptococcus
Salmonella

mostly spirillum

33
Q

Gram-positive bacteria

A

stains purple or blue because crystal violet remains in the peptidoglycan layer

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus

34
Q

Gram-negative bacteria

A

stains pink or red
less peptidoglycan
main component of cell wall is LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES
safranin clings to cell wall

Rhizobium
Anabaena
Nostoc
Oscillatoria
Spirillum
Escherichia coli
35
Q

Rhizobium

A

Bacteria found in root nodules of legumes
Aid in nitrogen fixation
which provides nitrogen for the plant to use
Plant becomes source of carbohydrate for bacteria

36
Q

Heterocyst

A

for NITROGEN FIXATION

37
Q

Akinete

A

RESTING SPORES/CELLS for SURVIVAL (“help them survive adverse conditions for reproduction”)

38
Q

Anabaena

A

Bacteria that has akinete and heterocyst

When it detects that there’s too much pollution, they cause LUMOT

39
Q

Nostoc

A

bacteria found in many rice plantation sites

gelatinous

40
Q

Spirulina

A

bacteria used in production of multivitamins

41
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

PROKARYOTIC CELL
No chloroplast or plasmids
THEY CAN PHOTOSYNTHESIZE BECAUSE OF THEIR THYLAKOIDS (WHICH CONTAIN CHLOROPHYLL) ARE EXPOSED

Predominant pigment: Chlorophyll and PHYCOCYANIN
Product: CYANOPHYCEAN STARCH

42
Q

Kingdom Protista (Algal-like)

Division DINOPHYTA or Dinoflagellates*

phytoplankton

A 
Cell wall: CELLULOSE
Mostly unicellular, some COLONIAL
A. rep: MITOSIS
S. rep: Naked cells as gametes
Predom. pigment: CAROTENOIDS
Stored product: STARCH, oil
Habitat: Marine and freshwater
Specimen: Dinoflagellates
43
Q

Kingdom Protista (Algal-like)

Division CHRYSOPHYTA or Golden Algae*

phytoplankton

A

Cell wall: CELLULOSIC with SILICA
Mostly unicellular, some COLONIAL
A. rep: MITOSIS, ZOOSPORE
S. rep: ISOGAMY (by fusion of similar gametes)
Predom. pigment: CAROTENOIDS (Yellow and brown), Chlorophylls A and C
Stored product: CHRYSOLAMINARIN, LEUCOSIN, oil
Habitat: Marine and freshwater
Specimen: [Diatoms] Navicula*, Cyclotella

44
Q

Kingdom Protista (Algal-like)

Division BACILLARIOPHYTA or Diatoms*

phytoplankton

A

Cell wall: SILICA (important component of cement)
Unicellular or Colonial
A: MITOSIS
S: Rare (but if ever, eggs and sperm)
Predom. pigment: FUCOXANTHIN, Chlorophylls A and C
Also has carotenoids and xanthophyll
Stored product: CHRYSOLAMINARIN, LEUCOSIN, oil
Habitat: Marine and freshwater
Specimen: Diatoms

45
Q

Kingdom Protista (Algal-like)

Division EUGLENOPHYTA or Euglenids

A 
Cell wall: NO CELL WALL***
Other features: Biflagellated, has a contractile vacuole; PELLICLE instead
Unicellular
A: Mitosis
S: NONE
Predom. pigment: Chlorophylls A and B
Stored product: PARAMYLON
Habitat: Freshwater
Specimens: Euglena
46
Q

Kingdom Protista (Algal-like)

Division CHLOROPHYTA or Green Algae

A

Cell wall: CELLULOSIC
Unicellular, colonial or filamentous
A: Simple MITOSIS, ZOOSPORE formation, FRAGMENTATION
S: ANISOGAMY (by fusion of dissimilar gametes), ISOGAMY, OOGAMY, CONJUGATION
Predom. pigment: Chlorophylls A and B
Stored product: TRUE STARCH
Marine, freshwater and terrestrial
Specimens: Caulerpa, Chara, Chlamydomonas, Desmids, Halimeda, Oedogonium, Scenedemus, Spirogyra, Volvox

47
Q

Kingdom Protista (Algal-like)

Division PHAEOPHYTA or Brown Algae

A

Cell wall: CELLULOSIC; contains ALGIN in the cell wall to thicken processed foods
Multicellular
A: SPORES
S: Eggs and Sperm
Predom pigment: FUCOXANTHIN, Chlorophylls A and C
Stored product: LAMINARIN or MANNITOL
Marine (temperate, cool waters)
Additional info: “Kelp Forests” with holdfast, stipe and blade
Specimens: Ectocarpus, Turbinaria, Padina, Sargassum

48
Q

Kingdom Protista (Algal-like)

Division RHODOPHYTA or Red Algae

A

Cell wall: CELLULOSIC
Multicellular
A: TETRASPORE
S: CARPOGONIUM and SPERMATIUM
Predom pigment: PHYCOERYTHRIN, Chlorophyll A
Stored product: RHODOPHYCEAN STARCH (Floridian Starch)
Mostly marine, few in fresh, tropical, warm waters
Specimen: Eucheuma, Gracilaria

Bio 12 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions