Bio Flashcards
What are all living things composed of, and also is the smallest unit in biology
Cells :I
Who first used the word cell
Robert Hooke
Who was the first person to see and describe microorganisms under a microscope, and thus discovered the hidden world of microorganisms, calling them little beasties
Anton van Leewenhoek
Name a German botanist that came to the conclusion that all plants were composed of cells
Matthias Scheiden
Name a German Zoologist, that concluded that all animals were composed of cells
Theodore Schwann
Who noted that new cells are made from preexisting ones
Virchow
What theory includes the following parts: All living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things, and new cells are produced from old cells.
Cell theory
What are all living organisms composed of, not cells
Organized parts
How do heterotrophs get their energy
They consume other living organisms
How do Autotrophs get their energy
They make their own food
What do all living organisms have in common
They all perform chemical reactions, evolve, respond to their environment, reproduce, share a common history, and maintain a stable internal environment in a process called homeostasis
What is the taking in of food and water
Ingestion
What is the breaking down of food into small molecules that can be used by cells
Digestion
What is the movement of materials inside a cell
Cyclosis
What is the breaking down f glucose into simpler substances and releasing the stored energy in a form the cell can use
Respiration
What is the usage of energy from foods to form new cell parts, through growth and repair
Biosynthesis
What is the removal of liquid waste from the cell called
Excretion
What is the removal of solid waste from cells called
Egestion
What maybe sexual or asexual
Reproduction
What is it called when you respond to a stimulus
Irritability
What is a substance made in one place, but used in another
Secretions
What separates internal chemical reactions of the cell from the external environment and is made up of mostly lipids and proteins
The cell membrane
What is the nucleus filled with
Nucleoplasm
When the cell is not divided, what form is DNA in
Chromatin
When the cell is dividing, what form is the DNA in
Chromosomes
What manufactures the subunits that make up ribosomes
The nucleolus
What controls protein synthesis and the activities of the cell
The nucleus
What are all the proteins of cells made by
Ribosomes
What is the internal membrane system known as
The endoplasmic reticulum
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum covered with
Ribosomes
How many ribosomes does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum have
None, it’s used to make lipids
Where are the proteins produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum transported
The Golgi apparatus
What is the purpose of Golgi bodies
To modify, sort and package the proteins that have arrived from the endoplasmic reticulum
What are small spherical sacs that are surrounded by a single membrane
Vesicles
What bud from the golfing apparatus and are filled with very strong digestive enzymes
Lysosomes
What destroys old organelles, is surrounded by a thick membrane and also helps to destroy any debris that may build up inside the cell
Lysosomes
What breaks down alcohol, and kills bacteria, producing hydrogen peroxide as a result. They also break down fatty acids which can be used by mitochondria as an energy source
Peroxisomes
What stores water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates
Vacuoles
Who’s pourpose is cellular respiration, and has its own DNA and Carrie’s out replication
Mitochondria
What is a network of protein tubes and fibers that hells the cell to maintain its shape
The cytoskeleton
What are the two types of fibers found in the cytoskeleton
Microfilaments and microtubes
What helps cells to move
Microfilaments
What’s functions are maintaining cell shape, the separation of chromosomes during cell division, and the formation of cilia and flagella.
Microtubes
What organizes microtubes, and are shaped like two short cylinders found in the nuclear membrane
Centrioles
