bio Flashcards
ball and socket joint
a joint in which the round end of one bone fits into the “cup” of another
hinge joint
a joint that moves like a door (open and close)
pivot joint
One bone rotates over the other like in your neck and arm
ellipsoidal joint
All your vertebrae rub together and bones that rub together
Specialised cells
Cells that are adapted to carry out a particular function
cells differentiate to become specialised by
changing shape, subcellular structures develop
sperm, nerve, muscle
specialised animal cell examples
tissue
A group of similar cells that perform the same function.
different tissues working together
organs
organs working together
organ system
organ systems working together
organism
cell
Basic unit of life
carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant
xylem
carries nutrients and food from place to place inside the cell
phloem
air sacs
groups of alveoli in the lungs where gas exchanges happen.
alveolus
small, round pocket that is grouped with other alveoli to form air sacs in the lungs. The plural is alveoli.
breathing system
the organs that move air in and out of your body. Also called the respiratory system.
bronchus
tube that connects the windpipe to the tubes in the lung that go to the air sacs. Plural=bronchi
cilia
small hairs on the surface of some cells
diaphragm
Sheet of muscle under the lungs. It makes your lungs bigger when it moves down.
exhale
to breathe out.
gas exchange
taking carbon dioxide out of the blood and getting oxygen into the blood
inhale
to breathe in
mucus
sticky liquid that trap dirt and microbes and helps carry them out of the lungs.
trachea
tube that carries air into and out of the lungs. Also called windpipe.
breathing
air moving into and out of the lungs.
how does gas exchange occur
by diffusion
how are the lungs adapted to allow for gas exchange
high surface area
large blood supply
damp
1 cell thick thin borders
aerobic respiration equation
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
Anaerobic respiration equation
glucose → lactic acid (+ energy released)
Respiration
Process in which energy is released from our food
Lungs
The organ where gas exchange happens
The gas we take in enters our
blood
the gas is used with ___ in the cells to release ____
sugar, energy
functions of skeletons
they support the structure of body and produce blood cells and they protect vital organs.
The marrow allows the production of _______
white and red blood cells
A joint is formed when
two or more bones are joined. Joints allow movement around a point. E.g fixed joints.
Hinge joint
works like a lever
allows movement of muscles
antagonistic muscles
B&S
rotate 360 allow a lot of flexibility
pivot joints
rotate around eachother 360
tendons
stiff which allows muscle to pull up on bone
have to be tough to hole powerful muscles to strong bones
ligaments
they are stretchy and elastic
connect bone to bone
if stiff they would snap everytime we bent a joint
cartilage
strong and spongey
found around the end of a joint
when one has arthritis, the end of the joints grind together when moved
synovial fluid
found in the space between the ends of bones in a joint
acts as lubricant
essential when doing exercise because a lot of pressure is put throughout the joint.
antagonistic muscles
muscles that work in opposite ways together eg bicep tricep quadracep hamstringu
co2 from capillaries
move to alveoli
respiratory system
organs and tissues help you breathe
carry out waste gases like co2
the muscles between the ribs ___. This causes your ribcage to ____ and out the heart. When the diaphragm muscles contract, it lowers and flattens. this causes the volume inside the chest to _____. Therefore the pressure ____. Air moves into your chest.
contract,lift up, increase, decreases
