Bio-110 chapter 1 Lecture

Question 1

What is Biology?

Answer 1

Biology is the study of living organisms.

Question 2

Observation

Answer 2

The first step in the Scientific Method. Starts with a question about why what they have observed is happening

Question 3

Hypothesis

Answer 3

Plausible explanation of what was observed. (Flossing improves dental health)

Question 4

What makes a Hypothesis good, useful, and testable

Answer 4

1. It must be clear that if the proposed explanation is not supported by evidence, a different hypothesis is a more likely solution.
2. It must generate testable predictions (proposes that there is no relationship between two factors)

Question 5

Can a Hypothesis be proven or disproven

Answer 5

Can never be proven

Question 6

Prediction

Answer 6

A more precise explanation of the observation.( People who floss twice a day have better dental health than someone who does it only once a day)

Question 7

Experiment

Answer 7

Collect data(results) and analyze the results

Question 8

Conclusion

Answer 8

Last step in the Scientific Method

Question 9

What is a theory?

Answer 9

An explanatory hypothesis that is exceptionally well supported by empirical data.

Question 10

How is a theory different from a hypothesis?

Answer 10

a theory is a hypothesis that has withstood the test of time and multiple experiments. Viewed with nearly the same confidence as a fact.

Question 11

Scientific Law

Answer 11

Laws usually start out as theories but have so much evidence to support them that they rarely have any changes made to them. Unlike theories laws are never discarded

Question 12

Louis Pasteur

Answer 12

One of the first scientists to use the Scientific Method. He disproved the popular theory of spontaneous generation of living organisms(which states that living organisms can be created spontaneously from non-living objects)

Question 13

Control Group

Answer 13

The group that is subjected to the same conditions as the experimental group but gets the PLACEBO or fake test object

Question 14

Why is it important to control variables

Answer 14

Having a control group helps show what might happen just by chance and not due to the procedure

Question 15

Why is replication important?

Answer 15

The experiments need to be repeated by other labs. The minimum number of replications is FIVE times or more.

Question 16

Sample Size

Answer 16

the number of subjects tested must be large enough to give valid outcomes.

Question 17

deductive reasoning

Answer 17

using your prior knowledge. to deduce or infer our answers by just thinking them out

Question 18

inductive reasoning

Answer 18

doing some sort of experiment and then reaching our conclusion

Question 19

Six characteristics of living organisms

Answer 19

1. cellular organization
2. metabolism
3. regulation and homeostasis(maintain its internal environment whilst its external environment is constantly changing)
4. response to stimuli (pH, temperature)
   5.growth, reproduction, heredity
   6.Evolution adaptation

Question 20

levels of complexity of living organisms

Answer 20

1. atoms
2. molecules and macromolecules
   3.cells
3. tissues
4. organs
   6.organisms
5. population
6. community
7. ecosystem
   10.biosphere