Bio 107 topic 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is a cell?
A
- the simplest collection of matter that can live
- the fundamental unit of structure and function of all organisms
2
Q
Why are cells small?
A
- to have optimal area needed to absorb nutrients and release waste
- surface area=supply volume=demand
- ↑surface area ↑nutrients ↑growth ↑cell division
2
Q
What error can be made during cell division?
A
there can be mistakes during DNA replication therefore faster evolution
2
Q
What are the 8 common features of cells?
A
- surrounded by a membrane
- have a distinct internal environment
- contain genetic information (DNA+RNA)
- have ribosomes to synthesize proteins (different structure prokaryotic and eukaryotic)
- transform energy (ATP)
- are relatively small
- respond to an external environment
- replicate
2
Q
What is the cell theory?
A
- all living things are made of cells
⮚all cells have the same chemical composition
⮚all chemical reactions that sustain life take place inside cells - all cells come for pre-existing cells by division
⮚cells contain genetic information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell during division
3
Q
What identifies a prokaryotic cell?
A
- organized but not compartmentalized
- no nucleus (DNA concentrated in nucleoid)
- no organelles
- smaller and simpler structure than eukaryotic cells
- have ribosomes
4
Q
What identifies a eukaryotic cell?
A
- organized into membrane bounded compartments
- DNA located in a nucleus surrounded by a membrane
- has organelles: each with a unique internal environment and specialized function
- have ribosomes
5
Q
Five King System
A
- group based on morphological similarities
- size, shape, function, nutritional requirements, cell structure
- physical similarity does not mean relatedness
6
Q
Similarities between the Three Domain System
A
- plasma membrane made of lipids
- use of ATP to transfer energy
- DNA as genetic material
- ribosomes to make proteins
- made up of cells or are an individual cell
- properties were present in a common ancestors
- less difference in DNA= closely related
