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Biology > BIO 104 - Animals (Chapter 33) > Flashcards

BIO 104 - Animals (Chapter 33) Flashcards

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1
Q

General features of animals:

A

Heterotrophy, Multicellular, No cell walls, Active Movement, Diversity of Form, Diversity of Habit, Sexual Reproduction, Tissues, Evolved from Protist.

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2
Q

Kingdom Matazoa

A

Multicellular Animals

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3
Q

5 Key transitions can be noted in animal evolution:

A
  1. Evolution of Symmetry
  2. Evolution of Tissues
  3. Evolution of Body Cavity
  4. Evolution of Difference in Developmental Patterns
  5. Evolution of Segmentation
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4
Q

Evolution of Symmetry

A

Sponges lack any definite symmetry. (classified in the Phylum Parazoa) beside animals

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5
Q

Eumeatzoa

A

Have a symmetry defined along an imaginary axis drawn through the animals body.

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6
Q

2 main types of symmetry:

A
  1. Radial Symmetry

2. Bilateral Symmetry

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7
Q

Eumatazoa

A

True Multicellular Animals

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8
Q

Radial Symmetry

A

“Primitive” form of parts radiate out from the body of the animal.

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9
Q

Bilateral Symmetry

A

Transverse Plane Cut, Posterior Cut, Sagittal Plane Cut

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10
Q

Bilateral Symmetrical Animals:

A

Have two main advantages over radially symmetrical animals:

  1. Cephalization
  2. Greater Mobility
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11
Q

Parazoa

A

(Sponges) The simplest animals that lack defined tissues and organs.

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12
Q

Sponges

A

Have the ability to disaggregate and aggregate their cells.

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13
Q

Eumetazoa

A

(All other animals) have distinct and well defined tissues.

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14
Q

They lack definite symmetry.

A

Sponges

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15
Q

They have a symmetry defined along an imaginary axis drawn through the animals body.

A

Eumetazoa

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16
Q

Evolution of a definite brain area.

A

Cephalization

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17
Q

Bilateral symmetrical animals have what to main advantages over radially symmetrical animals?

A

Cephalization and Greater Mobility

18
Q

Evolution of Tissue

A

Have irreversible differentiation for most cell types.

19
Q

Evolution of a Body Cavity

A

3 Germ Layers produced by Eumetazoa:

  1. Outer Ectoderm
  2. Middle Mesoderm
  3. Inner Endoderm
20
Q

What is the space surrounding the mesoderm tissue that is formed during development?

A

Body Cavity

21
Q

3 Kinds of basic Body Plants

A
  1. A coelomates
  2. Pseudo coelomates
  3. Coelomates
22
Q

A coelomates

A

“A” meaning No -> No body cavity

23
Q

Pseudo coelomates

A

“Pseudo” meaning False -> Body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm. (called the pseudo coelom)

24
Q

Coelomates

A

Body cavity entirely within the mesoderm. (called the coelom)

25
Q

Difference in Developmental Pattern

A

Blastula -> opening to the outside

Archenteron -> Primitive body cavity

26
Q

Mitotic cell divisions of the egg form a hollow ball of cells called the blastula is called the…

A

Basic Pattern

27
Q

Bilaterian patterns can be divided into two groups:

A
  1. Protostomes
  2. Deuterostomes
    * *know figure 33.4 on PG. 641**
28
Q

Protostomes

A

Develop the mouth first from or near the blastopore.

29
Q

Deuterostomes

A

Develop the anus first from the blastopore.

30
Q

What are the 3 ways that Deuterostomes differ from Protostomes in the fundamental embryological features?

A
  1. Cleavage pattern of embryonic cells
  2. Developmental fate of cells
  3. Coelom type
31
Q

Evolution of Segmentation

A

Segmentation provides 2 advantages:

  1. Allows redundant organ system
  2. Allows for more efficient and flexible movement.
32
Q

Kingdom Animilia (Metazoa)

A

Phylum Poriferans and Placozoans

**Do NOT have tissues

33
Q

Phylum Poriferans

A

Considered the “Have Nots” of the animal kingdom. (Sponges) Animals that lack tissues (and organs) and have a definite symmetry. (Asymmetrical)

34
Q

Poriferans

A

Most abundant animals in the deep ocean.

35
Q

Porifera

A

“Pore bearer”

36
Q

Adult poriferans are considered what type of feeder?

A

Sessile filter feeders.

Sessile-> “non-motile”

37
Q

Larval Sponges

A

Free swimming

38
Q

Porifeans have 3 cell layers:

A
  1. Epidermal
  2. Amoebocytes
  3. Choanocytes
39
Q

Epidermal Cell Layer

A

The outer epithelial wall. Water comes in the Ostia, exits the Osculum.

40
Q

Amoebocytes - Mesophyll

A

Middle layer (gelatinous matrix). Transports nutrients, evolved in sexual reproduction and secret spicules.

41
Q

Choanocytes - Inner Surfaces

A

Collar cells, flagellated (water circulation), face internal cavity, engulf and digest food from passing water.

Biology (1 decks)

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