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BIO 104 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Rhineodon typicus

A

Whale Shark; Largest fish

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2
Q

Carcharodon cacharias

A

Great White Shark; Largest predator

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3
Q

Rays & Skates

A

Flat-bodied chondrichthyes

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4
Q

Sawfish

A

Saw-like rostrum for wounding fish prey

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5
Q

Paddlefish

A

North America’s only true freshwater cartilaginous fish.

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6
Q

Manta Ray

A

Plankton feeder

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7
Q

Osteichthyes

A

Bony Fish

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8
Q

First Human-like Skeleton

A

Osteichthyes

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9
Q

Homocercal Tail

A

Both lobes have same shape

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10
Q

Osteichthyes Features

A

Fins supported by bony-fin rays
Skeleton calcified bone
Homocercal tail
Dermal scales
Mucus producing glandular skin

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11
Q

Subclasses of Osteichthyes

A

Lobe-fin Fishes
Ray-fin Fishes

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12
Q

Lobe-fin Fish Features

A

Thick, fleshy fin bases
Swim bladder used as a lung

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13
Q

Lungfish

A

Lobe-fin Fish

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14
Q

Ray-fin Fish Features

A

Modern bony fish/most numerous

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15
Q

Diadromy

A

Movement between marine and freshwater

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16
Q

Anadromy

A

A fish is born in freshwater, matures in the ocean, and returns to freshwater to reproduce.

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17
Q

Catadromy

A

A fish is born in the ocean, matures in freshwater, and returns to the ocean to reproduce.

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18
Q

Cryptic Patterns

A

A scale pattern in fish that matches their background.

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19
Q

Counter Shading

A

A type of fish camouflage where the coloration is darker on the top side than the bottom side.

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20
Q

Chordata

A

Sea Squirts & Lancets
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals

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21
Q

Chordata Characteristics

A

Dorsal Hollow Nerve Chord
Notochord
Pharyngeal gill slits

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22
Q

Dorsal Hollow Nerve Chord

A

Becomes the central nervous system

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23
Q

Notochord

A

Becomes the vertebral column

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24
Q

Acraniates

A

Lacking a brain

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25
Q

Urochordata

A

Sea Squirts

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26
Q

Monotremes

A

Egg-laying mammals

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27
Q

Newts

A

Rough-skinned Salamanders

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28
Q

Artiodactyla

A

Even-toed animals; Cows, sheep, hogs

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29
Q

What animal has an almost 4-chambered heart?

A

Crocodilians

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30
Q

3 Mammal Groups

A

Monotremes
Metatheria
Placental mammals

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31
Q

Urochordata Features

A

Adults sessile benthic
Filter feeders
Tunic
Larval forms are free-swimming

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32
Q

Tunic

A

Protective mucous coat in uchordata

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33
Q

Chordata Subphyla

A

Urochordata
Cephalochordata
Vertebrata

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34
Q

Cephalochordata

A

Lancelets

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35
Q

Cephalochordata Features

A

Free-swimming
Edible

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36
Q

Features of Anura

A

Head fused to trunk
Tails only in larvae
2 pairs of limbs
Hind legs for jumping/swimming
Males with vocal abilities
Vocal sac under throat
Species specific calls

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37
Q

Pterosaurs

A

Extinct flying reptiles

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38
Q

Komodo Dragon

A

Largest lizard in the world

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39
Q

American Alligator

A

Most common Crocodilia

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40
Q

Amphibia

A

Frogs, toads, salamanders

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41
Q

Vertebrata

A

Vertebrates

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42
Q

Craniates

A

Have a distinct head and brain

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43
Q

Features of Vertebrata

A

Craniates
Vertebral column replaces Notochord
Distinct head, skull, and brain
Vertebral column surrounds nerve chord

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44
Q

Classes of Vertebrata

A

Agnatha
Acanthodii (extinct)
Placodermi (extinct)
Chondrichthyes
Osteichthyes
Amphibia
Reptilia
Aves
Mammalia

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45
Q

Sphenisciformes

A

Penguins

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46
Q

Cottonmouth Water Moccasin

A

Most aggressive Southeastern pit viper

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47
Q

First internal fertilization

A

Reptilia/Chondrichthyes

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48
Q

Squamata

A

Lizards & snakes

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49
Q

Amniotic Egg Features

A

Protects embryo from dessication
Enables development away from water

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50
Q

Which 4 times did flight develop independently?

A

Insects
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals (bats)

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51
Q

Arthro-

A

Relating to joints

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52
Q

Arthropoda Features

A

Joints
Exoskeleton
Protostomes
Eucoelomates
Metamerism
Colonize most known habitats
Complex life cycle

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53
Q

First occurrence of joints

A

Arthropoda

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54
Q

Exoskeleton

A

External skeleton

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55
Q

Ecdysis

A

The process of an arhtropod shedding its exoskeleton.

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56
Q

Pit Vipers

A

Make up the majority of U.S. venomous snakes

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57
Q

What feet do Anseriformes have?

A

Webbed feet for swimming

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58
Q

First occurrence of lungs

A

Amphibia

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59
Q

Gray Rat Snake

A

Nonvenomous tree climbing bird nest predator

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60
Q

Red Breast Muscle Tissue

A

For long distance, fast flying

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61
Q

Sclerotization

A

The biological process that causes tissue to become hard and stiff in Arthropods

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62
Q

3 Major Regions of the Arthropod

A

Head, thorax, abdomen

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63
Q

Thorax

A

Contains all legs and wings in Arthropods

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64
Q

Abdomen

A

Contains either swimming muscles or reproductive organs in Arthropods

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65
Q

Adult Arthropod

A

Has sexual reproductive ability

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66
Q

Copperhead

A

Most common and least aggressive southeastern pit viper

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67
Q

Four bird wing types

A

High altitude soaring
High speed and maneuverability
Short bursts of speed/short distance/highly maneuverable
Fast speed/soaring

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68
Q

Psittaciformes

A

Parrots, macaws, parakeets, cockatoos, toucans

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69
Q

Two Circuit System

A

Blood flows from heart to lungs and back to heart before travelling throughout body

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70
Q

Sirenia

A

Manatees

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71
Q

Larvae

A

Immature form that does not resemble an adult

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72
Q

Nymph

A

Immature form that resembles the adult

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73
Q

Pupae

A

Metamorphic transformation step between larvae and adult

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74
Q

Onycophora

A

An arthropod ancestor that is similar to both arthropods and segmented worms

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75
Q

Peripatus

A

Velvet worm

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76
Q

Jacobson Organ

A

Organ at base of snake nasal cavity for taste/smell

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77
Q

Features of Agnatha

A

Only jawless vertebrates
Cyclostome
Only vertebrates without paired fins

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78
Q

Atlantic Sea Lamprey

A

Agnatha

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79
Q

Lateral Line System

A

Used to detect vibrations in water

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80
Q

Functions of feathers

A

Protection
Insulation
Flight

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81
Q

Trilobitamorpha

A

Trilobites

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82
Q

Features of Trilobites

A

Extinct marine scavengers
Oldest known arthropod

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83
Q

Chelicerata

A

Spiders, ticks, scorpions, mites

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84
Q

Chelicera

A

Piercing sucking mouthparts of Chelicerata

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85
Q

Chelicerata Features

A

Chelicera
8 to 10 legs

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86
Q

First 4-chambered heart

A

Birds

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87
Q

Types of birds of prey

A

Hunting birds
Eagles
Hawks
Falcons
Vultures

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88
Q

Feather Shaft

A

Long central part of a feather

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89
Q

Furcula

A

Wish bone

90
Q

Caudata

A

Salamanders

91
Q

Major Classes of Chelicerata

A

Merostomata
Pycnogonida
Arachnida

92
Q

Merostomata

A

Horseshoe Crab

93
Q

Pycnogonida

A

Sea Spider

94
Q

Merostomata Features

A

Marine Scavengers

95
Q

Pycnogonida Features

A

Marine Scavengers

96
Q

Lactation

A

Milk Production

97
Q

Features of Strigiformes

A

Night hunters
Eyes at front
Silent feathers in flight

98
Q

Slimy Salamander

A

Black with gray specks
Common backyard salamander in the southeast

99
Q

First occurrence of a secondary palate

A

Reptilia

100
Q

Gravel

A

Used by Aves to grind food

101
Q

Arachnida Features

A

Largest and most common class of Chelicerates
Venomous/disease vectors

102
Q

Disease Vector

A

A carrier of disease

103
Q

Scorpiones

A

Scorpions

104
Q

Opiliones

A

Daddy Longlegs/Harvestmen

105
Q

Acarina

A

Ticks and mites

106
Q

Types of Songbirds

A

Mockingbird
Wren
Jays
Robins
Sparrows

107
Q

Flight Muscles

A

Breast muscles

108
Q

Edentata

A

Armadillos

109
Q

Tortoise

A

Avoid water

110
Q

Red Salamander

A

Orange with black specks
Common southeast salamander

111
Q

Examples of Mites

A

Mange mites, dust mites, red bugs

112
Q

Arachnea

A

Spiders

113
Q

4 Orders of Arachnida

A

Scorpiones
Opiliones
Acarina
Aranea

114
Q

Aranea Features

A

8 legs
Able to produce a web made of protein

115
Q

Latrodectus mactans

A

Black widow spider

116
Q

Black Widow Spider

A

One of two venomous North American spiders
Venom is a neurotoxin
Deadly if bitten on the face, neck, or chest

117
Q

Feather Barb

A

An individual branch of keratnin extanding from the shaft

118
Q

Features of Sphenisciformes

A

Wings form flippers
Covered with down

119
Q

Features of Placodermi

A

Heavy bony plates
Outcompeted by lightweight predators

120
Q

Ampullae of Lorenzini

A

Used by fish to detect electrical fields of potential prey

121
Q

Loxosceles reclusa

A

Brown Recluse

122
Q

Brown Recluse

A

Venomous spider of North America
Venom is hemotoxic
Venom has a necrotic effect causing tissue to degrade

123
Q

Mandibulata

A

Largest Arthropod subphylum

124
Q

Major Arthropoda Subphylums

A

Trilobitamorpha
Chelicerata
Mandibulata

125
Q

Mandibles

A

Biting, grinding, chewing mouthparts in Mandibulata

126
Q

First land-dwelling Vertebrate

A

Amphibia

127
Q

Scarlet King Snake

A

Nonvenomous batesian mimic

128
Q

Quill Feathers

A

Cover head, neck, back

129
Q

Major characteristics of amphibia

A

Glandular skin
Lung or gill respiration
3 chambered heart
Return to water to reproduce
Major part of aquatic food chains

130
Q

Feather Barbules

A

Branches of a barb

131
Q

Diplopoda

A

Millipedes

132
Q

Diplopoda Features

A

1,000 legged worm
4 legs per body segment

133
Q

Scolopendra

A

Highly venomous centipede in the tropics

134
Q

Crustacea

A

Crab, shrimp, lobster

135
Q

Crustacea Features

A

Aquatic
10 legs
Chelipeds
2 antennae
Modified body shapes for swimming
Respiration via gills

136
Q

Chilopoda

A

Centipedes

137
Q

Chilopoda Features

A

100 legs
2 legs per body segment
Venomous mandibles

138
Q

First occurrence of jaws

A

Acanthodii

139
Q

Only flying mammals

A

Chiroptera

140
Q

Ciconiformes

A

Wading birds with long legs

141
Q

Chelipeds

A

Large pincers or claws

142
Q

Cirripedia

A

Barnacles

143
Q

Cirripedia Features

A

Only sessile filter feeding arthropods

144
Q

Malacostraca

A

Crabs, Crayfish, Lobsters, Shrimp

145
Q

Crustacea Subclasses

A

Cirripedia
Malacostraca

146
Q

Features of Pit Vipers

A

Broad Head
Elliptical Pupils
Single Tail Scales
Pits for sensing body heat
Short, Stout Body

147
Q

Anura

A

Frogs and Toads

148
Q

Arrector Papilla

A

Muscles that cause chill bumps; used to change insulating angle of hair

149
Q

Pneumatic bones

A

Hollow

150
Q

American Crocodile

A

Found only in extreme southeast Florida

151
Q

Insecta

A

Insects

152
Q

Major Classes of Mandibulata

A

Diplopoda
Chilopoda
Crustacea
Insecta

153
Q

Insecta Features

A

Largest Arthropoda Class
3 pairs of legs
1 pair of antennae
2 pairs of wings
Most speciose living group

154
Q

First occurrence of flight

A

Insecta

155
Q

Boll Weevil

A

Once the most expensive agricultural pest; destroys cotton

156
Q

Pine Bark Beetle

A

Kills living trees, the most expensive agricultural pest today

157
Q

Termite

A

Destroys finished wood products

158
Q

Clothes Moth

A

Eat holes in woolen clothing, coats, and hats; Sometimes infect cotton

159
Q

What arthropoda transmits the plague?

A

Fleas

160
Q

What diseases are transmitted by mosquitoes?

A

Malaria
West Nile Virus
Zika Virua
Encephalitis

161
Q

Pinnipedia

A

Seals, sea lions, walruses

162
Q

First amniotic egg

A

Reptilia

163
Q

Metatheria

A

Marsupials

164
Q

Cetacea

A

Whales and Dolphins

165
Q

Amphiumas

A

Large, eel-like aquatic species of salamander with vestigial limbs

166
Q

Strongest Organism

A

Rhinoceros Beetle

167
Q

Fusiform Body Shape

A

Football shape

168
Q

First heart with multiple chambers

A

Chondrichthyes

169
Q

Mammary glands

A

Milk producing glands

170
Q

Struthioniformes

A

Flightless birds

171
Q

Keel

A

Breast bone, large for muscle attachment

172
Q

Reptilian Advancements over Amphibians

A

Amniotic Egg
Specialized copulatory organs
Leathery/dry skin
No larval development stage
Body temperature regulation
Secondary Palate
Bipedal
Parental care

173
Q

First Bipedal Occurrence

A

Reptilia

174
Q

Preening

A

Adding oil to feathers to keep them waterproof

175
Q

Types of Bird Feet

A

Webbed for Swimming
Swebbed toes for wading
Talons for grasping/piercing
Scratching
Perching
Opposing toes for clinging

176
Q

Malacology

A

Study of mollusks

177
Q

Mollusca Features

A

Aquatic habitat
Calcium Carbonate Shell
Radula

178
Q

4 Mollusca Body Regions

A

Head
Visceral Mass
Foot
Mantle

179
Q

Visceral Mass

A

For digestion and reproduction in Mollusca

180
Q

Mantle

A

To form the valve in Mollusca

181
Q

Chiroptera

A

Bats

182
Q

Most advanced extant reptiles

A

Crocodilia

183
Q

Baleanoptera musculus

A

Blue Whale

184
Q

Acanthodii

A

Spiny Fish

185
Q

Examples of Cartilaginous Fish

A

Sharks
Skates
Rays

186
Q

Gastropoda

A

Snails and Slugs

187
Q

Gastropoda Features

A

Stomach Foot
Largest Mollusca class
Helical Valve
Operculum
Torsion
Herbivores

188
Q

Helical Valve

A

Spirally coiled shell

189
Q

Operculum

A

Opening to the shell of a Gastropoda

190
Q

Gastropoda Examples

A

Whelps, tulips, olives, augers

191
Q

Timber Rattlesnake

A

Most common southeastern rattlesnake

192
Q

Rodentia

A

Rodents

193
Q

Bufo

A

Toads

194
Q

Endothermic

A

Warm-blooded

195
Q

Batesian Mimic

A

Looks venomous, but is not

196
Q

Queen Conch

A

World’s largest snail

197
Q

Oyster Drill

A

Predatory snail on oysters

198
Q

Pulmonates

A

Land breathing snails

199
Q

Cephalopoda

A

Squids and Octopi

200
Q

Cephalopoda Features

A

Head foot
Mantle is a body tube housing organs
Siphon used for jet propulsion for swimming
Ink Sac for repelling predators
Radula shaped like a beak
Valve is an internal valve pen

201
Q

Aves

A

Birds

202
Q

First walking legs occurrence

A

Amphibia

203
Q

Copulatory Organs

A

Penis/Vagina

204
Q

Types of flightless birds

A

Ostriches, emus, kiwis, rheas

205
Q

First vertebrate in fossil record

A

Fish

206
Q

Loligo

A

Bay Squid, commonly eaten

207
Q

Giant Squid

A

Occur in the deep Pacific Ocean, approach 60 feet long

208
Q

Australian Blue-Ringed Octopus

A

Highly Venomous Octopus

209
Q

Chambered Nautilus

A

Only cephalopod with an external valve

210
Q

Pelecypoda

A

Oysters, Clams, Scallops, and Mussels

211
Q

Chelonia

A

Turtle

212
Q

First 2 circuit system

A

Amphibia

213
Q

Largest animal

A

Blue Whale

214
Q

Common King Snake

A

Nonvenomous, eats other snakes

215
Q

Archaeopteryx

A

First bird fossil

216
Q

Pelecypoda Features

A

Wedge/Hatchet foot for burrowing
Two equal valves
Ecological role as filter feeders
Radula as labial palps

217
Q

Oldest living animal

A

Quahog Clam

218
Q

Primates

A

Humans, monkeys, lemurs

219
Q

White Breast Muscle Tissue

A

Poor, weak flyers

220
Q

Eastern Coral Snake

A

Most venomous snake in the U.S.

BIO 104 (1 decks)

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