Bio 1011 Chapter 27

Question 1

Pilus

Answer 1

In bacteria, a structure that links one cell to another at the start of conjugation; also called a sex pilus or conjugation pilus.

Question 2

Halophile

Answer 2

can grow at high SALT concentration An organismo that lives in environmental conditions so extreme that few other species can survive there.

Question 3

thermophile

Answer 3

Organism that grows at high temperatures, above 45 C

Question 4

extremophile

Answer 4

An organismo that lives in environmental conditions so extreme that few other species can survive there.

Question 5

Extreme thermophile

Answer 5

Organism that thrives in hot environments (60-80 C)

Question 6

Extreme Halophiles

Answer 6

can grow at high SALT concentration

Question 7

Aaerobic respiration

Answer 7

Respiration which uses oxygen and produces relatively large amounts of energy energy.

Question 8

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 8

Respiration without oxygen and produces relatively small amounts of energy.

Question 9

Obligate aerobe

Answer 9

an organism especially a bacterium that requires air or free oxygen for life

Question 10

Obligate anaerobe

Answer 10

Can not use oxygen, and in fact may be poisoned by it. fermentation.

Question 11

Facultative anaerobe

Answer 11

can use both, oxygen or not

Question 12

Chemoautotroph

Answer 12

Obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic substances and needs only carbon dioxide as a carbon source.

Question 13

Chemoheterotroph

Answer 13

Use complex organic molecules as their carbon and energy sources

Question 14

Photoheterotroph

Answer 14

An organism that uses light to generate ATP but must obtain carbon in organic form.

Question 15

Heterocyst

Answer 15

Cell that engages in nitrogen fixation, process by which (nitrogen) N2 is reduced to (ammonia) NH3 by nitrogenase

Question 16

Host

Answer 16

The larger participant in a symbiotic relationship,

Question 17

Symbiont

Answer 17

The smaller participant in a symbiotic relationship.

Question 18

Symbiosis

Answer 18

An ecological interaction between two organisms.

Question 19

Biofilms

Answer 19

microorganisms that are of same or different species that attach to surfaces

Question 20

Fimbria

Answer 20

A short, hairlike in prokaryotic that helps it adhere to the substrate or to other cell

Question 21

Peptidoglycan

Answer 21

A type of a polymer in bacterial cell walls consisting of modified sugars

Question 22

Taxis

Answer 22

An oriented movement toward or away from a stimulus

Question 23

F factor

Answer 23

A fertility factor in bacteria; a DNA segment that confers the ability to form pili for conjugation and associated functions required for the transfer of DNA from donor to recipient. It may exist as a plasmid or be integrated into the bacterial chromosome.

Question 24

R plasmid

Answer 24

A bacteria plasmid carrying genes that confer resistance to certain antibiotics.

Question 25

Pathogen

Answer 25

An organism or virus that causes disease.

Question 26

Endotoxin

Answer 26

Gram negative. Toxic Structural Component: Present in LPS of outer membrane. Released only when the bacteria die.

Question 27

Exotoxin definition

Answer 27

A toxic protein excreted from the bacterial cell

Question 28

Capsule

Answer 28

It’s a slime layer that is outside the bacteria

Question 29

Endospore

Answer 29

Unique to bacteria, endospores are highly durable, dehydrated cells with thick walls and additional layers, formed internal to the bacterial cell membrane.

Question 30

Transduction

Answer 30

The process of using a bacteriophage (viruses) to move pieces of chromosomal DNA from one bacterial cell to another.

Question 31

Conjugation

Answer 31

DNA is exchanged between two organisms by direct cell to cell contact; this is in horizontal gene transfer.

Question 32

Plasmid

Answer 32

A plasmid is a self-replicating molecule of DNA that occurs in bacteria, separate from the main chromosome.

Question 33

Parasite

Answer 33

An organism that feeds on the cell contents. Harm but usually do not kill their host.

Question 34

Parasitism

Answer 34

relationship in which one organism benefits & the other is harmed

Question 35

Methanogen

Answer 35

An organism that produces methane CH4 as the product of their metabolism

Question 36

gram stain

Answer 36

differential stain -very useful for identifying and classifying bacteria as either gram negative or gram positive.

Question 37

Gram-positive

Answer 37

cell wall contain peptidoglycan, less toxic. Color purple

Question 38

Gram-negative

Answer 38

have a cell wall more complex and containing lipopolysaccharides and protein, less peptidoglycan than the cell wall of gram-positive, are often more toxic. Color red/pink

Question 39

Decomposer

Answer 39

An organism that gets nutrients by breaking down the remains of dead organisms and wastes, they thrieve in moist areas ex. fungi, mushrooms, scavengers Bacteria.

Question 40

Bioremedition

Answer 40

The use of organisms to detoxify and restore polluted and degraded ecosystems.

Question 41

Commensalism

Answer 41

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits but the other is neither helped nor harmed.

Question 42

Nucleoid

Answer 42

A non-membrane-enclosed region in a prokaryotic cell where its chromosome is located.