BIO 101 Final Flashcards
What are the 8 characteristics of life?
- Ability to assimilate and use energy
- Ability to respond to the environment
- Ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment (homeostasis)
- Possess an inherited information base, encoded in DNA, that allows them to function.
- Ability to reproduce through the use of information encoded in DNA
- Composed of one or more cells
- The group of organisms has the capacity to change over time (evolve).
- Are highly organized compared to non-living things
Cells are ______ factories, making molecules for their own use and, if multicellular, for the use of the organism.
chemical
Organic molecules are much more ____ than inorganic molecules
complex
Can all cells reproduce themselves?
Yes
Viruses
cannot reproduce themselves, not made of cells, are not alive
Most organisms are ______
multicellular
Prokaryotic
single celled organisms that lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
Are Domain Archea and Domain Bacteria eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
prokaryotic
What do all cells have?
DNA, cell membrane, and cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
help them support their own life
How do cells communicate with the enviornment and with other cells?
biological molecules
Eukaryotic cells
have a nucleus and organelles
What are the 4 kingdoms of Domain Eukarya that have eukaryotic cells?
Protista (unicellular), Fungi, Plants, Animals (multicellular)
Abiotic sources of energy
Sunlight and chemicals
How is energy captured from abiotic sources of energy?
primary production: photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
What performs primary production?
Plants and some archea, bacteria, and protista
Why do cells perform cellular respiration
to extract energy from glucose
What flow does energy have through the food web?
one way flow
Describe energys flow of the food web
flows through producers and consumers then ends up in detritus feeders and decomposers
What is lost to the food web?
Energy
Can energy ever be used up or destroyed?
No, it is only transformed into another type of energy
What species of organisms have partnered with other species in order to ensure they can get enough energy?
Linchen and Corals
All organisms respond _______
chemically
Hoe do animals sense environment?
nerve cells or tissues, then can react quickly
How can many bacteria and protista react?
by moving
What do cell membranes regulate?
which molecules enter and leave the cell. Some molecules must be broken down before entering the cell
How do body systems of fungi, plants, and animals work together to solve problems of survival?
getting and keeping enough energy, nutrients and water, energy storage and use, support, movement, defense, reproduction, etc.
What does vaccination do to the immune system?
It trains it to respond quickly and effectively against infection of bacteria and viruses.
How does DNA carry information?
in genes and in non-protein coding DNA that directs the functions of cells.
Can DNA replicate itself?
yes
How do viruses reproduce?
by infecting other cells
Are plants able to reproduce sexually?
yes, even though most cannot move from their locations
