Bio 100 Exam 1

Question 1

What are the 7 characteristics of life?

Answer 1

order
energy + matter processing
reproduction
growth + development
cells
response to environment
evolutionary adaptations

Question 2

Rank the levels of the organization of life from smallest to largest.

Answer 2

Atom, Molecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere

Question 3

What are the 6 steps of the Scientific Method?

Answer 3

Observation
Question
Hypothesis
Experiment
Results
Conclusion

Question 4

Observation

Answer 4

• any observable phenomena

EX: some cookies are taller than others

Question 5

Question

Answer 5

result from observations, why is the world how it is?

EX: What recipe will make the tallest cookie?

Question 6

Hypothesis

Answer 6

proposed + testable explanation

EX: I hypothesize switching out butter for margarine will make taller cookies.

Question 7

Experiment

Answer 7

provide measurable data

EX: I will bake 2 identical batches, one w/ butter and one w/ margarine

Question 8

Results

Answer 8

data gathered from an experiment

can either SUPPORT or REFUTE hypothesis

EX: compare cookies from both batches

Question 9

Conclusion

Answer 9

conclusions based on results

often create more questions

EX: switching butter for margarine did NOT make cookies taller

Question 10

Theory

Answer 10

widely accepted explanatory idea

supported by a large body of evidence

Question 11

Facts

Answer 11

verifiable info.

considered to be TRUE + based on current EVIDENCE

Question 12

When are the different types of graphs used?

Answer 12

Bar Graphs: compare categories

Line Graphs: used for continuously changing data, can compare data

Pie Chart: percentages that add to 100

Question 13

Critical Thinking

Answer 13

unbiased analysis + evaluation of info to form a judgement

Question 14

Pseudoscience vs Science

Answer 14

Pseudoscience:

• does not follow accepted scientific processes
• results CANNOT be replicated
• untestable claims
• no external views
• overlies on a small amount of data

Science:

• follows scientific method
• REPEATABLE results
• testable claims, can be disproven
• open to outside views
• many avenues of evidence

Question 15

Primary Sources

Answer 15

• original material presented by those who preformed the research
• MOST RELIABLE

EX: peer review journal articles, technology reports, dissertations

Question 16

Secondary Sources

Answer 16

• description of PRIMARY SOURCE
• contains commentary

EX: websites, books, newspapers

Question 17

Biogenesis

Answer 17

the formation of new living organisms from non-living chemicals

Question 18

What are the required steps involved w/ the Biogenesis model?

Answer 18

1. Synthesis of organic monomers
   - water vapor + gases (methane, hydrogen, ammonia) + electric sparks = monomers
2. Synthesis of organic polymers
   - waves + rain containing monomers landed on rocks
   - monomers bonded = larger molecules
3. Origin of Self-replicating molecules
   - RNA = considered original genetic material b/c self replicative
   - RNA = randomly created
4. Formation of first cells
   - LIPIDS came together + trap water w/ self-replicating molecules = Primitive cells

Question 19

Prokaryotes: Archea VS Bacteria

Answer 19

Archea: 
- thrive w/in EXTREME environments
 EX: methanogens (produce methane gas), Halophiles (salt lovers), Thermophiles (heat lovers)
- 3 RNA
Bacteria:
- beneficial + harmful to EUKARYOTES
- 1 RNA

Question 20

What is bacteria? How can it be helpful, how can it be harmful?

Answer 20

Bacteria: one of the two domains of prokaryotic life

Helpful:
- fix nitrogen
- decomposes waste
EX: probiotics, decomposers, sewage treatment

Harmful Bacteria AKA Pathogens:
- cause infections
EX: bubonic plague, Anthrax, Lyme Disease
- some are growing resistant to antibiotic treatments

Question 21

Prokaryotes

Answer 21

single + simple + small cell w/ no membrane

Question 22

Unicellular protists VS Prokaryotes

Answer 22

Unicellular Protists:
- nucleus
contain linear DNA
- can be unicellular + small OR multicellular + large
- Eukaryotic 

Prokaryotes:

• no nucleus
• circular DNA

Question 23

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 23

nucleus containing chromosomes + MEMBRANE bound organelles

Question 24

Cell colonies VS Multi-Cellular Organisms

Answer 24

Cell Colonies:
- individual, free roaming cells, loose groups

Multi-Cellular Organisms:

• cells = specialized
• CANNOT live independently

Question 25

How do fungi impact daily life?

Answer 25

• All fungi = EUKARYOTES
• Decomposers
• helpful + harmful

Question 26

Compare + contrast Biology of Algae + Plants

Answer 26

• Algae:
• PROTISTS
• moisture surrounds
• minimal stiffness
• Cannot dry out
• nutrients = surround
• photosynthesis throughout body
• Plants:
• moisture = soil
• stiff structure
• Gametes risk drying
• roots = firm
• nutrients = roots
• photosynthesis = leaves