Bio 100 Exam 1 Flashcards
What are the 7 characteristics of life?
order energy + matter processing reproduction growth + development cells response to environment evolutionary adaptations
Rank the levels of the organization of life from smallest to largest.
Atom, Molecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere
What are the 6 steps of the Scientific Method?
Observation Question Hypothesis Experiment Results Conclusion
Observation
- any observable phenomena
EX: some cookies are taller than others
Question
result from observations, why is the world how it is?
EX: What recipe will make the tallest cookie?
Hypothesis
proposed + testable explanation
EX: I hypothesize switching out butter for margarine will make taller cookies.
Experiment
provide measurable data
EX: I will bake 2 identical batches, one w/ butter and one w/ margarine
Results
data gathered from an experiment
can either SUPPORT or REFUTE hypothesis
EX: compare cookies from both batches
Conclusion
conclusions based on results
often create more questions
EX: switching butter for margarine did NOT make cookies taller
Theory
widely accepted explanatory idea
supported by a large body of evidence
Facts
verifiable info.
considered to be TRUE + based on current EVIDENCE
When are the different types of graphs used?
Bar Graphs: compare categories
Line Graphs: used for continuously changing data, can compare data
Pie Chart: percentages that add to 100
Critical Thinking
unbiased analysis + evaluation of info to form a judgement
Pseudoscience vs Science
Pseudoscience:
- does not follow accepted scientific processes
- results CANNOT be replicated
- untestable claims
- no external views
- overlies on a small amount of data
Science:
- follows scientific method
- REPEATABLE results
- testable claims, can be disproven
- open to outside views
- many avenues of evidence
Primary Sources
- original material presented by those who preformed the research
- MOST RELIABLE
EX: peer review journal articles, technology reports, dissertations
Secondary Sources
- description of PRIMARY SOURCE
- contains commentary
EX: websites, books, newspapers
Biogenesis
the formation of new living organisms from non-living chemicals
What are the required steps involved w/ the Biogenesis model?
- Synthesis of organic monomers
- water vapor + gases (methane, hydrogen, ammonia) + electric sparks = monomers - Synthesis of organic polymers
- waves + rain containing monomers landed on rocks
- monomers bonded = larger molecules - Origin of Self-replicating molecules
- RNA = considered original genetic material b/c self replicative
- RNA = randomly created - Formation of first cells
- LIPIDS came together + trap water w/ self-replicating molecules = Primitive cells
Prokaryotes: Archea VS Bacteria
Archea: - thrive w/in EXTREME environments EX: methanogens (produce methane gas), Halophiles (salt lovers), Thermophiles (heat lovers) - 3 RNA Bacteria: - beneficial + harmful to EUKARYOTES - 1 RNA
What is bacteria? How can it be helpful, how can it be harmful?
Bacteria: one of the two domains of prokaryotic life
Helpful:
- fix nitrogen
- decomposes waste
EX: probiotics, decomposers, sewage treatment
Harmful Bacteria AKA Pathogens:
- cause infections
EX: bubonic plague, Anthrax, Lyme Disease
- some are growing resistant to antibiotic treatments
Prokaryotes
single + simple + small cell w/ no membrane
Unicellular protists VS Prokaryotes
Unicellular Protists: - nucleus contain linear DNA - can be unicellular + small OR multicellular + large - Eukaryotic
Prokaryotes:
- no nucleus
- circular DNA
Eukaryotic Cells
nucleus containing chromosomes + MEMBRANE bound organelles
Cell colonies VS Multi-Cellular Organisms
Cell Colonies:
- individual, free roaming cells, loose groups
Multi-Cellular Organisms:
- cells = specialized
- CANNOT live independently
