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Bio 10 => C3 > Bio 10 - C3 > Flashcards

Bio 10 - C3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cuticle

A

Waxy substance that protects the epidermal layer
Helps prevent water loss
Dermal

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2
Q

Upper Epidermis

A

One-cell thick
Layer is tightly packed, transparent
*Protects the leaf against physical damage and pathogens (bacteria/fungi)
Dermal

–Upper epidermis is mainly involved in water conservation by eliminating excess sunlight.–

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3
Q

Lower Epidermis

A

One-cell thick
Layer is tightly packed, transparent
(PPD+P) *Protects the leaf against Physical Damage and Pathogens (bacteria/fungi)
Dermal

–more stomata–
–Lower epidermis is mainly involved in the gas exchange.–

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4
Q

Stomata

A

(agio)
Allows Gas In + Out of leaf
Small openings in the epidermal layer that can open or close
Stomata is the hole between the 2 guard cells

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5
Q

Guard Cells - Explain the controlling of the stomata

A

Water loss can be controlled by guard cells

Opening - guard cells gain water => moist environment, light, low CO2
Closing - guard cells lose water => dry environment

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6
Q

Xylem

A

Vascular Tissue Cells

(Xy to the sky, flow to the low)
Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals upwards from the roots to the leaves (to the sky)
Cells are dead

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7
Q

Phloem

A

Vascular Tissue Cells

(Xy to the sky, flow to the low)
Phloem transports sugars produced by the leaves to various parts of the plant where they are needed

(Sugar produced by photosynthesis)

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8
Q

Palisade Cells

A

Ground Tissue Cells

Long and narrow cells (P - looks like palace)
Many chloroplasts

(MLP) Site of most of the leaf’s photosynthesis

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9
Q

Spongy Tissue Cells

A

Loosely packed cells that contain chloroplasts
Carry out photosynthesis

**Air Space Between cells Allow for Gas Transport Within the leaf.
(AS BAGT)

**Spaces allow for more efficient gas exchange
(SAMEE)

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10
Q

Vascular Bundle

A

Vascular Tissue Cells

Series of Tubes that are Visible as Leaf Veins (ST VLV)
Contains Xylem and Phloem that transport fluids

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11
Q

Root System

A

Absorbs water and minerals from below ground

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12
Q

Root System - Organs - Roots

A

Often store carbohydrates
Absorb minerals and water

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13
Q

What does Shoot System do?

A

Absorb CO2 and light above ground

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14
Q

Stems

A

Supports the leaves and reproductive structure

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15
Q

Leaves

A

The main photosynthetic organ of the plant

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16
Q

Dermal Tissue

A

Protective Covering/Layer

  • Cuticle
  • Epidermis
  • Stomata
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17
Q

Vascular Tissue

A

Carries out long distance transport of materials between root and shoot system

  • Vascular Bundle
  • Xylem
  • Phloem
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18
Q

Ground Tissue

A

Specialized for storage, photosynthesis, and support.

  • Palisade Cells
  • Spongy Tissue Cells
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19
Q

Root Pressure

A

POSITIVE Root pressure is created by the accumulation of water in the root system.

20
Q

Transpiration Pull

A

Is created by water evaporation - Negative pressure

21
Q

Cohesion and Adhesion

A

Cohesion - Water sticks to water
Adhesion - Water sticks to Hydrophilic surfaces

22
Q

Steps in Transportation

A

1) Loading of Sugars
2) Uptake of Water - Osmosis - Water
3) Bulk Transport- phloem sap toward the sugar sink
4) Unloading of Sugar

23
Q

Guttation

A

When at night, water still goes up, but photosynthesis doesn’t happen, so water collects on the surroundings of the leaf.

24
Q

Cohesion

A

Water molecules stick to other water molecules.
Ex. Pulls water molecules up to leaves

25
Q

Adhesion

A

Water molecules stick to certain surfaces (hydrophilic).
Ex. Glue
Ex. Water sticks to xylem

26
Q

2) Uptake of Water - Osmosis - Water

A

Water moves passively across, diluting high [] of solute

27
Q

3) Bulk Transport - Pressure and concentration gradients move the phloem sap toward the sugar sink.

A

Increased V in container = pressure ↑

                               ↑V = ↑P              Of fluid inside Not container
28
Q

1) Loading of Sugars - Sugars produced by Active transport

A

Against concentration gradient

29
Q

Most gas exchange occurs in

A

stomata

30
Q

Most photosynthesis happens in ______, or more specifically __________.

A

Leaves, Palisade

31
Q

CO2 goes _____, and O2 goes _____. This transport is done through ________ _________.

A

In, out. Passive diffusion => due to [] gradient.

32
Q

Lenticles

(Stomata are to leaves, like lenticles are to stems)

A

Are lens shaped openings in the bark of woody plants that enable gas exchange.

33
Q

Tropism

A

Any growth response that results in plant organs curving toward or away from stimuli.

**Stimuli is any change in an organism’s environment that causes the organism to react.

34
Q

How plants respond to change

A

Adjusting their individual patterns of growth and development.

35
Q

How Animals respond to environmental stimuli

A

Mainly by behavioral mechanisms

36
Q

posi-T-ive Tropism

A

Growth TOWARDS the stimulus

37
Q

neg-A-tive tropism

A

Growth Away From the stimulus

38
Q

Phototropism

A

Growth towards or away from light

Seedling grows TOWARDS light => positive tropism

39
Q

Darwin and Darwin Experiment

R:?
Q:?

A

The *tip of the seedling detects light and sends a signal down to the stem to control growth.

Q: What part senses light?

40
Q

Boysen-Jensen Experiment
(MO-CHE)(Sg -s-g)

A

Q: What signal controls stem growth?

The signal is a *MObile CHEmical” because it passes through the gelatin block (POSITIVE PHOTOTROPISM = permeable barrier), but not through the mica block (No phototropism = impermeable barrier).

41
Q

Frits Went

A

Q: What is the chemical signal?
R: Centered - grows straight up
Off-Centered - Curved away from the side with the agar block
growth in the dark

AUXIN is the chemical messenger, hormone, that causes Elongation of the cell on the darker side.

42
Q

Roots in response to gravitropism

A

Positive response to gravitropism in roots

43
Q

Stems in response to gravitropism

A

Negative response to gravitropism in stems

44
Q

Where Auxin accumulates

A

Bottom of the cell

45
Q

In stems Auxin ______ growth, in roots Auxin ______ growth

A

Stimulates, prevents

46
Q

Positive gravitropism roots

A

Roots + ↓

47
Q

Negative gravitropism stems

A

Stems - ↑

Growing against gravity

Bio 10 => C3 (1 decks)

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