Bio 1 Cpt 12 &13

Question 1

Double Helix (DNA, RNA, or BOTH)

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

A type of nucleic acid (DNA, RNA, or BOTH)

Answer 2

BOTH

Question 3

made with deoxyribose sugar (DNA, RNA, or BOTH)

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

made up of molecules called nucleotides (DNA, RNA, or BOTH)

Answer 4

BOTH

Question 5

in eukaryotes, this is only found in the nucleus (DNA, RNA, or BOTH)

Answer 5

DNA

Question 6

can be found in three different forms in the cell (DNA, RNA, or BOTH)

Answer 6

RNA

Question 7

contains a phosphate group in the back bone of the molecule (DNA, RNA, or BOTH)

Answer 7

BOTH

Question 8

contains the nitrogenous bases A, C, G, & U (DNA, RNA, or BOTH)

Answer 8

RNA

Question 9

contains the nitrogenous bases A, C, G, & T (DNA, RNA, or BOTH)

Answer 9

DNA

Question 10

in eukaryotes, this is formed in the nucleus,but moves into the cytoplasm once it is formed (DNA, RNA, or BOTH)

Answer 10

RNA

Question 11

the nucleic acid found in ribosomes

Answer 11

RNA

Question 12

Which type of RNA can be found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm?

Answer 12

mRNA

Question 13

Which type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome where translation takes place?

Answer 13

tRNA

Question 14

Which type of RNA is involved in translation?

Answer 14

All three types of RNA

Question 15

Which type of RNA is involved in transcription?

Answer 15

mRNA

Question 16

What is a codon?

Answer 16

a sequence of three nucleotides

Question 17

What is an anticodon?

Answer 17

the complimentary sequence of nucleotides for a codon

Question 18

During transcription in the nucleus, NA nucleotides code (match up with)

Answer 18

a single strand of DNA

Question 19

During translation, each tRNA molecule will carry ___ amino acids to a ribosome.

Answer 19

1

Question 20

If a section of mRNA has the base of GUA, the complimentary tRNA strand will be…

Answer 20

CAU

Question 21

If a section of DNA has the bases CTA, the complimentary strand will be…

Answer 21

GAU

Question 22

Which part of the mRNA is cut out and left behind in the nucleus after transcription?

Answer 22

introns

Question 23

Transcription is….. 1st or 2nd

Answer 23

1st

Question 23

all mutations are harmful to organisms (TRUE or FALSE)

Answer 23

False

Question 24

Translation is……1st or 2nd

Answer 24

2nd

Question 25

Process of transcription

Answer 25

•DNA double helix unwinds
•RNA copy made from DNA template
•RNA is edited before exiting the nucleus
DNA to mRNA

Question 26

When does transcription occur? Why does it occur at that location?

Answer 26

In the nucleus because that’s where the DNA is.

Question 27

Process of Translation

Answer 27

•mRNA start codon binds to ribosome
•tRNA picks up AA in cytoplasm and carries it to the ribosome
•tRNA anticodon binds to complimentary mRNA codon
•AA attaches to end if growing polypeptide codon
•tRNA leaves to find another AA
•Translation ends when stop codon is reached
•Polypeptide released for folding
mRNA to AA chain/polypeptide chain/protein

Question 28

Where does translation occur? Why at that location?

Answer 28

In the cytoplasm because the ribosome produces the proteins from the tRNA.

Question 29

Genetic code

Answer 29

The DNA and RNA molecules that carry genetic information.

Question 30

What are the three stop codons? What do they do? What is the start codon?

Answer 30

• UAG,UAA, & UGA
• the stop codon signifies the end of the code
• AUG

Question 31

The DNA sequences is different for a cow and a human, but the amino acid chain produced by the sequence is almost the same. How can humans and cows have amino acid chains that are similar?

Answer 31

Humans and cows have similar amino acids because that are both mammals and have similar bodily functions.

Question 32

Could two humans have some differences in the DNA sequence for insulin, yet still make exactly the same insulting proteins? Explain.

Answer 32

Because amino acids can be coded by more than one codon.