Bio 1 Cpt 12 &13 Flashcards
Double Helix (DNA, RNA, or BOTH)
DNA
A type of nucleic acid (DNA, RNA, or BOTH)
BOTH
made with deoxyribose sugar (DNA, RNA, or BOTH)
DNA
made up of molecules called nucleotides (DNA, RNA, or BOTH)
BOTH
in eukaryotes, this is only found in the nucleus (DNA, RNA, or BOTH)
DNA
can be found in three different forms in the cell (DNA, RNA, or BOTH)
RNA
contains a phosphate group in the back bone of the molecule (DNA, RNA, or BOTH)
BOTH
contains the nitrogenous bases A, C, G, & U (DNA, RNA, or BOTH)
RNA
contains the nitrogenous bases A, C, G, & T (DNA, RNA, or BOTH)
DNA
in eukaryotes, this is formed in the nucleus,but moves into the cytoplasm once it is formed (DNA, RNA, or BOTH)
RNA
the nucleic acid found in ribosomes
RNA
Which type of RNA can be found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm?
mRNA
Which type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome where translation takes place?
tRNA
Which type of RNA is involved in translation?
All three types of RNA
Which type of RNA is involved in transcription?
mRNA
What is a codon?
a sequence of three nucleotides
What is an anticodon?
the complimentary sequence of nucleotides for a codon
During transcription in the nucleus, NA nucleotides code (match up with)
a single strand of DNA
During translation, each tRNA molecule will carry ___ amino acids to a ribosome.
1
If a section of mRNA has the base of GUA, the complimentary tRNA strand will be…
CAU
If a section of DNA has the bases CTA, the complimentary strand will be…
GAU
Which part of the mRNA is cut out and left behind in the nucleus after transcription?
introns
Transcription is….. 1st or 2nd
1st
all mutations are harmful to organisms (TRUE or FALSE)
False
Translation is……1st or 2nd
2nd
Process of transcription
•DNA double helix unwinds
•RNA copy made from DNA template
•RNA is edited before exiting the nucleus
DNA to mRNA
When does transcription occur? Why does it occur at that location?
In the nucleus because that’s where the DNA is.
Process of Translation
•mRNA start codon binds to ribosome
•tRNA picks up AA in cytoplasm and carries it to the ribosome
•tRNA anticodon binds to complimentary mRNA codon
•AA attaches to end if growing polypeptide codon
•tRNA leaves to find another AA
•Translation ends when stop codon is reached
•Polypeptide released for folding
mRNA to AA chain/polypeptide chain/protein
Where does translation occur? Why at that location?
In the cytoplasm because the ribosome produces the proteins from the tRNA.
Genetic code
The DNA and RNA molecules that carry genetic information.
What are the three stop codons? What do they do? What is the start codon?
- UAG,UAA, & UGA
- the stop codon signifies the end of the code
- AUG
The DNA sequences is different for a cow and a human, but the amino acid chain produced by the sequence is almost the same. How can humans and cows have amino acid chains that are similar?
Humans and cows have similar amino acids because that are both mammals and have similar bodily functions.
Could two humans have some differences in the DNA sequence for insulin, yet still make exactly the same insulting proteins? Explain.
Because amino acids can be coded by more than one codon.
