BIO 1-3

Question 1

Four Biological Molecules:

Answer 1

Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins and Nucleic Acid

Question 2

Monomers form polymers through:

Answer 2

Dehydration, loss of a water molecule

Question 3

Polymers break down into monomers through:

Answer 3

Hydrolysis, addition of water molecule.

Question 4

Carbohydrates are:

Answer 4

source of energy usually sugars

Question 5

MONOSACCHARIDES

Answer 5

simple sugar

Question 6

Glucose is:

Answer 6

fuel, one of the common monosaccharides

Question 7

Monosaccharides are classified by: (3)

Answer 7

1. The location of the CARBONYL GROUP (C=O)
2. The position and arrangement
3. Size of carbon skeleton

Question 8

DISACCHARIDES

Answer 8

double sugars

Question 9

What links 2 monomers together?

Answer 9

GLYCOSIDIC LINKAGE

Question 10

Examples of disaccharides:

Answer 10

Maltose and Sucrose.

Question 11

POLYSACCHARIDES

Answer 11

macromolecules

Question 12

Chitin builds:

Answer 12

EXOskeleton in arthropods

Question 13

Polysaccharides serve as: (3)

Answer 13

Building material, and storage material

Question 14

LIPIDS

Answer 14

fats

Question 15

Lipids are not big enough to be considered:

Answer 15

macromolecules

Question 16

HYDROPHOBIC

Answer 16

repel water , “scared” of water

Question 17

Fats are constructed from 2 types of smaller molecules:

Answer 17

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 18

Is a three carbon alcohol with (-OH) group attached to each carbon

Answer 18

GLYCEROL

Question 19

Fatty Acid

Answer 19

carboxyl group attached to a cabon skeleton

Question 20

3 fatty acid molecules are each joined to glycerol by:

Answer 20

ESTER LINKAGE

Question 21

Ester linkage is formed by

Answer 21

dehydration reaction between hydroxyl and carboxyl group

Question 22

Resulting fat is called

Answer 22

TRIGLYCERIDE

Question 23

Most animal fats are ____ , it is ____ at room temp

Answer 23

UNSATURATED, SOLID

Question 24

has 4 fused rings

Answer 24

steroids

Question 25

Covalent bond between amino acids are called:

Answer 25

Peptide bonds

Question 26

A biologically functional molecule made up of one or more polypeptides

Answer 26

PROTEIN

Question 27

Sugar pentose and Phosphate groups are linked to each other by (Sugar-phosphate backbone)

Answer 27

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 28

Why hydrogen bonds?

Answer 28

Strong enough to hold bases together but weak enough the break and separate when needed.

Question 29

What do cells do? (4)

Answer 29

1. Help maintain homeostasis 2. Communicate 3. Reproduce 4. Take in nutrients

Question 30

Found dead cells on a piece of cork in 17th century

Answer 30

Robert Hooke

Question 31

First to see living cells

Answer 31

Anthony van Leeuwenhoek

Question 32

Mathias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann published the principles of

Answer 32

The Cell Theory

Question 33

2 principles of the cell theory:

Answer 33

1. All living things are made up of living cells | 2. The cell is the basic unit of living things

Question 34

What did Rudolf Virchow propose

Answer 34

That living cells arise from pre-existing cells

Question 35

Bound ribosomes

Answer 35

produce proteins to be transported out of the cell and those that are required for specific functions

Question 36

Free ribosomes

Answer 36

produce proteins used by the cell

Question 37

What differentiates Rough and Smooth ER

Answer 37

the ribosomes that are bound to the ER

Question 38

Modifies received proteins and sends it to the various parts of the cell

Answer 38

Golgi Apparatus

Question 39

Is available for fusion with another vesicle for digestion

Answer 39

Lysosome

Question 40

Carries proteins through plasma membrane for secretion form a cell

Answer 40

Transport vesicle

Question 41

Cell membranes are composed of: (3)

Answer 41

Lipids, Proteins and Carbohydrates

Question 42

Phospholipids have ___ tails and ___ heads

Answer 42

HYDROPHOBIC, HYDROPHYLIC

Question 43

Phospholipid bilayer has a

Answer 43

Fluid-mosaic model

Question 44

2 movements inside the phospholipid bilayer:

Answer 44

1. Lateral movement | 2. Flip Flop

Question 45

Apoptosis

Answer 45

cell death

Question 46

"fluidity buffer" for animals, what is it for

Answer 46

CHOLESTEROL, prevent change in viscosity of the membrane at different temperatures

Question 47

2 functions of cholesterol:

Answer 47

1. Prevents extremes | 2. adds firmness to structure

Question 48

Speeds up chemical reactions

Answer 48

Enzymes

Question 49

connect two neighboring cells

Answer 49

Intercellular joining

Question 50

Passive Transport

Answer 50

moves solutes DOWN their concentration gradient without the use of proteins

Question 51

Is an extremely slow process:

Answer 51

Diffusion

Question 52

Form of Passive transport that speeds us the movement of certain molecules:

Answer 52

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 53

2 major classes of membrane transports:

Answer 53

Carrier Proteins and Channel proteins

Question 54

Does not change shape and has little interaction with transport solute:

Answer 54

Channel Protein

Question 55

Undergoes conformational changes and binds to the molecule being transported

Answer 55

Carrier Protein

Question 56

Channel proteins that transport ions:

Answer 56

ion channels

Question 57

Passive transport 2 key points:

Answer 57

1. Moves DOWN the concentration gradient | 2. Does NOT require energy

Question 58

Active transport:

Answer 58

requires energy

Question 59

What energy does AT use:

Answer 59

ATP

Question 60

Why do cells have pumps: (4)

Answer 60

1. maintain concentration gradient 2. acquire food 3. communicate 4. excrete wastes

Question 61

Carrier proteins take out __ Na+ ___ the cell, and __ K+ ___ the cell

Answer 61

3 Na ions OUT, 2 K ions in

Question 62

Cotransporter

Answer 62

one into the concentration gradient and one against

Question 63

Engulfing large particles into the cell by forming new vesicles from the plasma membrane.

Answer 63

Endocytosis

Question 64

PINOCYTOSIS, PHAGOCYTOSIS

Answer 64

pino= liquid, phago= solid

Question 65

Uses new vesicles from plasma membrane to get molecules out of the cell, requires energy:

Answer 65

EXOcytosis