Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOLOGY 100 > BIO 1-3 > Flashcards

BIO 1-3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Four Biological Molecules:

A

Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins and Nucleic Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Monomers form polymers through:

A

Dehydration, loss of a water molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Polymers break down into monomers through:

A

Hydrolysis, addition of water molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Carbohydrates are:

A

source of energy usually sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

MONOSACCHARIDES

A

simple sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Glucose is:

A

fuel, one of the common monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Monosaccharides are classified by: (3)

A
  1. The location of the CARBONYL GROUP (C=O)
  2. The position and arrangement
  3. Size of carbon skeleton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

DISACCHARIDES

A

double sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What links 2 monomers together?

A

GLYCOSIDIC LINKAGE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Examples of disaccharides:

A

Maltose and Sucrose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

POLYSACCHARIDES

A

macromolecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chitin builds:

A

EXOskeleton in arthropods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Polysaccharides serve as: (3)

A

Building material, and storage material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

LIPIDS

A

fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lipids are not big enough to be considered:

A

macromolecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

HYDROPHOBIC

A

repel water , “scared” of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fats are constructed from 2 types of smaller molecules:

A

fatty acids and glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Is a three carbon alcohol with (-OH) group attached to each carbon

A

GLYCEROL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fatty Acid

A

carboxyl group attached to a cabon skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

3 fatty acid molecules are each joined to glycerol by:

A

ESTER LINKAGE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ester linkage is formed by

A

dehydration reaction between hydroxyl and carboxyl group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Resulting fat is called

A

TRIGLYCERIDE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Most animal fats are ____ , it is ____ at room temp

A

UNSATURATED, SOLID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

has 4 fused rings

A

steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Covalent bond between amino acids are called:

A

Peptide bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

A biologically functional molecule made up of one or more polypeptides

A

PROTEIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Sugar pentose and Phosphate groups are linked to each other by (Sugar-phosphate backbone)

A

Phosphodiester bonds

28
Q

Why hydrogen bonds?

A

Strong enough to hold bases together but weak enough the break and separate when needed.

29
Q

What do cells do? (4)

A
  1. Help maintain homeostasis
  2. Communicate
  3. Reproduce
  4. Take in nutrients
30
Q

Found dead cells on a piece of cork in 17th century

A

Robert Hooke

31
Q

First to see living cells

A

Anthony van Leeuwenhoek

32
Q

Mathias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann published the principles of

A

The Cell Theory

33
Q

2 principles of the cell theory:

A
  1. All living things are made up of living cells

2. The cell is the basic unit of living things

34
Q

What did Rudolf Virchow propose

A

That living cells arise from pre-existing cells

35
Q

Bound ribosomes

A

produce proteins to be transported out of the cell and those that are required for specific functions

36
Q

Free ribosomes

A

produce proteins used by the cell

37
Q

What differentiates Rough and Smooth ER

A

the ribosomes that are bound to the ER

38
Q

Modifies received proteins and sends it to the various parts of the cell

A

Golgi Apparatus

39
Q

Is available for fusion with another vesicle for digestion

A

Lysosome

40
Q

Carries proteins through plasma membrane for secretion form a cell

A

Transport vesicle

41
Q

Cell membranes are composed of: (3)

A

Lipids, Proteins and Carbohydrates

42
Q

Phospholipids have ___ tails and ___ heads

A

HYDROPHOBIC, HYDROPHYLIC

43
Q

Phospholipid bilayer has a

A

Fluid-mosaic model

44
Q

2 movements inside the phospholipid bilayer:

A
  1. Lateral movement

2. Flip Flop

45
Q

Apoptosis

A

cell death

46
Q

“fluidity buffer” for animals, what is it for

A

CHOLESTEROL, prevent change in viscosity of the membrane at different temperatures

47
Q

2 functions of cholesterol:

A
  1. Prevents extremes

2. adds firmness to structure

48
Q

Speeds up chemical reactions

A

Enzymes

49
Q

connect two neighboring cells

A

Intercellular joining

50
Q

Passive Transport

A

moves solutes DOWN their concentration gradient without the use of proteins

51
Q

Is an extremely slow process:

A

Diffusion

52
Q

Form of Passive transport that speeds us the movement of certain molecules:

A

Facilitated Diffusion

53
Q

2 major classes of membrane transports:

A

Carrier Proteins and Channel proteins

54
Q

Does not change shape and has little interaction with transport solute:

A

Channel Protein

55
Q

Undergoes conformational changes and binds to the molecule being transported

A

Carrier Protein

56
Q

Channel proteins that transport ions:

A

ion channels

57
Q

Passive transport 2 key points:

A
  1. Moves DOWN the concentration gradient

2. Does NOT require energy

58
Q

Active transport:

A

requires energy

59
Q

What energy does AT use:

A

ATP

60
Q

Why do cells have pumps: (4)

A
  1. maintain concentration gradient
  2. acquire food
  3. communicate
  4. excrete wastes
61
Q

Carrier proteins take out __ Na+ ___ the cell, and __ K+ ___ the cell

A

3 Na ions OUT, 2 K ions in

62
Q

Cotransporter

A

one into the concentration gradient and one against

63
Q

Engulfing large particles into the cell by forming new vesicles from the plasma membrane.

A

Endocytosis

64
Q

PINOCYTOSIS, PHAGOCYTOSIS

A

pino= liquid, phago= solid

65
Q

Uses new vesicles from plasma membrane to get molecules out of the cell, requires energy:

A

EXOcytosis

BIOLOGY 100 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions