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BIO 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A

Cell

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2
Q

True or False: All living organisms are made up of cells.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The process by which cells obtain energy from glucose is called ______.

A

Respiration

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4
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

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5
Q

Name the two types of cells.

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

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6
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

Synthesize proteins.

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7
Q

Multiple Choice: Which organelle is responsible for energy production?

A

Mitochondria

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8
Q

What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

A

To conduct photosynthesis.

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9
Q

True or False: DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

A

True

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The genetic material is composed of ______.

A

DNA

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11
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

To store genetic information and control cell activities.

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12
Q

Define osmosis.

A

The movement of water molecules from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.

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13
Q

Multiple Choice: Which process do plants use to convert sunlight into chemical energy?

A

Photosynthesis

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14
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + Water + Light energy → Glucose + Oxygen

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15
Q

True or False: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions.

A

True

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16
Q

What factors can affect enzyme activity?

A

Temperature, pH, and substrate concentration.

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

A

Chloroplast

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18
Q

What is the main function of the digestive system?

A

To break down food and absorb nutrients.

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19
Q

Name the process by which food is broken down in the stomach.

A

Digestion

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20
Q

Multiple Choice: Which organ is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?

A

Small intestine

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21
Q

What is the role of the circulatory system?

A

To transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.

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22
Q

True or False: The heart is a muscle that pumps blood.

A

True

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23
Q

What are the components of blood?

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets.

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24
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

To transport oxygen.

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25
Q

Fill in the blank: Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called ______.

A

Arteries

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26
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of blood vessel carries blood back to the heart?

A

Veins

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27
Q

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

A

To facilitate gas exchange, primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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28
Q

True or False: The diaphragm plays a crucial role in breathing.

A

True

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29
Q

What is the primary gas exchanged in the lungs?

A

Oxygen

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30
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the main organ of the respiratory system.

A

Lung

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31
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism.

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32
Q

Multiple Choice: Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?

A

Insulin

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33
Q

What is the function of the kidneys?

A

To filter waste products from the blood and regulate water and salt balance.

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34
Q

True or False: The skin is involved in thermoregulation.

A

True

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35
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ system is responsible for producing hormones.

A

Endocrine

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36
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

A community of living organisms interacting with their physical environment.

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37
Q

Define biodiversity.

A

The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

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38
Q

Multiple Choice: What is the primary source of energy for ecosystems?

A

The Sun

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39
Q

What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

A

To break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients back into the soil.

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40
Q

True or False: All food chains begin with producers.

A

True

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41
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the process by which energy is transferred through an ecosystem.

A

Food chain

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42
Q

What is a habitat?

A

The natural environment in which an organism lives.

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43
Q

Define adaptation.

A

A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.

44
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of adaptation involves physical features?

A

Structural adaptation

45
Q

What is natural selection?

A

The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

46
Q

True or False: Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

47
Q

Fill in the blank: The theory of ______ explains how species evolve over time.

48
Q

What is a gene?

A

A segment of DNA that contains instructions for building proteins.

49
Q

Define mutation.

A

A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to variations in traits.

50
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of reproduction produces genetically identical offspring?

A

Asexual reproduction

51
Q

What is the primary purpose of mitosis?

A

To produce two genetically identical daughter cells.

52
Q

True or False: Meiosis results in four genetically different cells.

53
Q

What is the function of the ribosome in a cell?

A

The ribosome synthesizes proteins by translating messenger RNA.

54
Q

True or False: DNA is composed of amino acids.

55
Q

Fill in the blank: The process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy is called ______.

A

photosynthesis

56
Q

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

A

Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.

57
Q

Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

A

Mitochondria

58
Q

Multiple Choice: What is the primary function of the cell membrane? A) Energy production B) Protein synthesis C) Regulation of substance entry and exit D) DNA replication

A

C) Regulation of substance entry and exit

59
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins?

A

Amino acids

60
Q

True or False: All cells have a nucleus.

61
Q

Fill in the blank: The genetic information of an organism is stored in its ______.

62
Q

What is the primary function of chloroplasts?

A

Chloroplasts conduct photosynthesis.

63
Q

What is the pH range of acidic solutions?

A

Less than 7

64
Q

Multiple Choice: Which process involves the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane? A) Diffusion B) Osmosis C) Active transport D) Filtration

A

B) Osmosis

65
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism.

66
Q

True or False: The nucleus contains ribosomes.

67
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary energy currency of the cell is ______.

68
Q

Adaptations of a sperm cell

A

streamlined
acrsome has enzymes
lots of mitochondia
tail

69
Q

what are the adaptaions of a nerve cell

A

long fibers (axons) for rapid signal conduction, insulation by a myelin sheath, and branched connections (dendrites) for receiving signals

70
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a type of passive transport? A) Endocytosis B) Exocytosis C) Facilitated diffusion D) Active transport

A

C) Facilitated diffusion

71
Q

What is a mutation?

A

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism.

72
Q

True or False: All mutations are harmful.

73
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the basic unit of life.

74
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

75
Q

What is the role of the cell wall in plant cells?

A

The cell wall provides structural support and protection.

76
Q

Multiple Choice: Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis? A) Mitochondria B) Nucleus C) Chloroplast D) Ribosome

A

C) Chloroplast

77
Q

What are the two main types of cells?

A

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

78
Q

True or False: Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.

79
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the control center of the cell.

80
Q

What is the role of the cytoplasm?

A

The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance where cellular processes occur.

81
Q

Multiple Choice: Which structure regulates what enters and leaves the cell? A) Cytoplasm B) Cell membrane C) Nucleus D) Ribosome

A

B) Cell membrane

82
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

83
Q

True or False: Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen.

84
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of converting glucose into energy in the presence of oxygen is called ______.

A

aerobic respiration

85
Q

What is the main purpose of meiosis?

A

Meiosis produces gametes for sexual reproduction.

86
Q

Multiple Choice: What type of cell division produces two identical daughter cells? A) Meiosis B) Mitosis C) Binary fission D) Budding

A

B) Mitosis

87
Q

What is the function of the spindle fibers during cell division?

A

Spindle fibers help separate the chromosomes.

88
Q

True or False: Genetic variation occurs during meiosis.

89
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the region where two sister chromatids are joined.

A

centromere

90
Q

What is the role of the telomere?

A

Telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes from deterioration.

91
Q

Multiple Choice: Which phase of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes at the cell’s equator? A) Prophase B) Metaphase C) Anaphase D) Telophase

A

B) Metaphase

92
Q

What is genetic drift?

A

Genetic drift is a change in allele frequencies in a population due to random sampling.

93
Q

True or False: Natural selection leads to evolution.

94
Q

Fill in the blank: The principle of ______ states that organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

A

natural selection

95
Q

What is the significance of the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

A

It describes the genetic variation in a population at equilibrium.

96
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of selection favors extreme phenotypes? A) Stabilizing selection B) Directional selection C) Disruptive selection D) Sexual selection

A

C) Disruptive selection

97
Q

What is speciation?

A

Speciation is the process by which new species arise.

98
Q

True or False: All species can interbreed.

99
Q

Fill in the blank: A ______ is a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

100
Q

What is the role of a decomposer in an ecosystem?

A

Decomposers break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.

101
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a biotic factor in an ecosystem? A) Temperature B) Water C) Plants D) Soil

102
Q

What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?

A

A food chain shows a linear sequence of energy transfer, while a food web shows interconnected food chains.

103
Q

True or False: Energy is lost at each trophic level in an ecosystem.

104
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the maximum population size that an environment can sustain.

A

carrying capacity

105
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

106
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a consequence of habitat destruction? A) Increased biodiversity B) Decreased food availability C) Improved ecosystem resilience D) None of the above

A

B) Decreased food availability

Biology (3 decks)

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