bio 1/16 Flashcards
What is the first stage of the cell cycle
G1
what is the second stage of the cell cycle
S phase
what happens in G1 phase
Cellular contents except chromosomes are duplicated
what happens during the S phase
each of the 46 chromosomes are duplicated by the cell
What is the third stage of the cell cycle
G2
WHat happens during the G2 phase
double cheks duplicated chromosome for error
WHat is the phase in which the cell grows in the cell cycle
Interphase
What is the fourth stage of the cell cycle
mitosis
What is prophase
Centrioles form and move towards the poles.
THe spindle forms
Spindle fibers from each centriole attach to each sister chromatid at the kinetochore.
what is the second stage of mitosis
Metaphase
What happens in metaphjase
Centrioles complete migration to poles
THe chromosome line up in the middle of the cell (“ company “)
What is the third stage of the cell cycle
Anaphase
WHat is anaphase
Spindles shorten
sister chromatids pull apart
each daughter cell gets identical
What is the fourth stage of mitosis
Telophase
What is telophase
Chromosomes decondense and nuclear envelope forms
What is the fifth stage of mitosis
Cytokenesis
Centromere
area where sister chromatids are held together
What is gene differentiation
how certain cells are turned on and off
what is a blastocyst
a stage in embryonic development where the offspring are a bunch of stem cells
what are totipotent stem cells
Most powerful- can develop into any cell type in the body; can develop into its own organism
Pluripotent
can develop into any type of cell but cannot develop into tis own organism
Multipotent stem cell
THey can develop in a more limited space
Unipotent stem cell
It can only become 1 type of cell
3 factors influencing cell differentiation
Nutrional support, chemical signals and physical environment
