bing - Brain dev Flashcards
what are the two division of the nervous system
Central and peripheral (CNS and PNS)
what are the two types of cells in the nervous system
Neurons and glial
define a neuron cell and its function
cell made from a axon (transporting information) and a dendrite (fro retriving information)
Their function is to receive stimuli and transmit action potentials to other neurons or to effector organs.
what are the three types of neuron cells
multipolar, bipolar and pseudo polar
define a glial cell and its function
Not neurons. There are more of these and unlike the neuron they retain the ability to divide.
there functionally support the neurons.
list the types of glial cells
Astrocytes, Ependymal cells, microglial, oligodendrocytes, schwann cells
what is an astrocyte and its function
Glial cell
star shaped they provide structural support forming a layer around body vessels, contributing to the blood brain barrier.
what is an ependymal cell and its function
Glial cell
Line ventricles of brain, circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), some form choroid plexuses, which produce CSF
what is an microglial cell and its function
Glial cell
Small and mobile they protect CNS from infection; become phagocytic in response to inflammation.
what is an oligodendrocyte and its function
Glial cell
Cells that surround axons creating the myelin sheath in the CNS.
what is a schwann cell and its function
Glial cell
Single cells which surround axons this form the myelin sheath in the PNS
what is myelination
insulation made by the oligodendrocyte cells which allows the electrical current to not be lost to the surrondings.
What is grey matter and where is it found
Groups of neuron cell bodies and their dendrites, where there is very little myelin.
In CNS: the surface of the brain is called the cortex and located deeper within the brain are called nuclei.
In the PNS, a cluster of neuron cell bodies is called a ganglion.
what is grey matters function
Involved in muscle control, sensory perception such as seeing and hearing, memory, emotions, and speech. While 20% of all oxygen taken in by the body goes to the brain, 95% of that goes specifically into the grey matter.
what is white matter and where is it found
Bundles of parallel axons with their myelin sheaths, which are whitish in color.
In CNS: forms nerve tracts, which propagate action potentials from one area to another
In PNS: Bundles of axons and their connective tissue sheaths are called nerves.
what is white matter function
Transmit signals from one region of the cerebrum to another and between the cerebrum and lower brain centers, messages pass between different areas of gray matter within the nervous system.
list the types of neurotransmitters
Animo acids, monoamines, peptides and extras
what is the prevelance and important of glutamate
Glutamate is excitatory over 90% of the synapses in the human brain.
what is the prevelance and important of GABA
GABA is inhibitory at more than 90% of the synapses.
what is the cerebellums function
Maintenance of balance
Enhancement of muscle tone
Coordination and planning of skilled voluntary muscle activity
what is the brain stems function
Origin of majority of peripheral cranial nerves.
Cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive control centers.
Regulation of muscle reflexes involved with equilibrium and posture.
Reception and integration of all synaptic input from spinal cord; arousal and activation of cerebral cortex.
Role in sleep-wake cycle.
what is the hippocampus function
The consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory and spatial navigation.
what is the cerebal cortex
Largest segment of the brain, it split into many segments including, Occipital lobe, parietal lobe, Central sulcus, frontal lobe, temporal lobe
describe postnatal proliferation
Proliferation and migration of glial precursors and differentiation of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are largely postnatal processes and maturation of these cells continue throughout childhood.
proliferation - migration and growth.
