Bine Structure Flashcards
cortical (compact) bone
tightly packed, hard material that makes up the outside surface
cancellous (spongy) bone
less dense than compact bone, lattice-like structure of bony tissue. consists of thin, branching, bony plates called trabeculae and interstices (small spaces)
trabeculae and interstices
part of cancellous bone. trabeculae help support body’s weight and can realign if the direction of stress changes. interstices are filled with red and yellow marrow
hematopoiesis
process in which red blood cells form erythrocytes (red blood cells) leukocytes (white blood cells) and thrombocytes (blood platelets)
erythrocytes
red blood cella
leukocytes
white blood cells
thrombocytes
blood platelets
diaphysis
tubular shaft of bone composed of compact bone tissue
medullary cavity
within the diaphysis. contains yellow marrow
epiphyses
broader ends of long bone, made of spongy tissue
metaphysis
epiphyseal plate (growth plate) where diaphysis and epiphysis meet. when bone stops elongating in early adulthood, this area becomes fully calcified. it remains visible as the epiphyseal line
periosteum
strong, fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the outer bone surface of bones. protects and nourishes bone. generates new bone cells for growth and repair.
endosteum
membrane that lines the marrow cavity
sesamoid bones
such as the patella (kneecap), small rounded bones that form near joints after birth, increasing the efficiency of muscle movement. embedded within tendons and most resemble a sesame seed
axial skeleton
vertical axis of body. consists of skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum
cranial bones
frontal, left and right parietal, left and right temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid
facial bones
maxilla, mandible, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, Palatine, inferior nasal concha, vomer. also includes hyoid at the base of the tongue and auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes) of the ears
paranasal sinuses
air-fluid cavities. names reflect location: frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and maxillary
spinal/vertebral column
consists of: 26 stacked bones, 24 individual vertebrae, sacrum (5 fused vertebrae), and coccyx (4 fused vertebrae)
intervertebral disks
joints that connect individual vertebrae. flexible pads of cartilage that add strength and flexibility to spine
4 regions of spine
cervical (neck, C1 to C7), thoracic (chest, T1 to T12), lumbar (lower back, L1 to L5) and sacral (sacrum and coccyx)
name for first 2 cervical vertebrae
C1: atlas. C2: axis
components of vertebrae
anterior: vertebral body.
posterior: vertebral arch (consists of central spinous process [bony prominence], transverse processes on either side, and bar like lamina on either side).
between vertebal body and vertebral arch: neural foramen, through which spinal cord passes
thorax/thoracic cage
bony structure of chest that protects the heart and lungs. formed by sternum, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and ribs
components of sternum
manubrium (superior)
corpus (body)
xiphoid process (inferior)
suprasternal notch
v-shaped superior border of manubrium
appendicular skeleton
126 bones attached to the axial skeleton
pectoral girdle
shoulder. consists of scapula (shoulder blade) and clavicle (collarbone)
acromion
extension of scapula that joins with clavicle to form joint above shoulder
glenoid fossa
shallow depression that forms a ball and socket joint with the humerus
parts of distal forearm
radius and ulna
olecranon
process at the end of ulna that forms the bony point of elbow
carpals
2 rows of 4 short bones of wrist. distal to these are the 5 metacarpals (bones of palm)
phalanges
bones of fingers
pelvic girdle
fixed to the axial skeleton at the sacrum
