Bine Structure

Question 1

cortical (compact) bone

Answer 1

tightly packed, hard material that makes up the outside surface

Question 2

cancellous (spongy) bone

Answer 2

less dense than compact bone, lattice-like structure of bony tissue. consists of thin, branching, bony plates called trabeculae and interstices (small spaces)

Question 3

trabeculae and interstices

Answer 3

part of cancellous bone. trabeculae help support body’s weight and can realign if the direction of stress changes. interstices are filled with red and yellow marrow

Question 4

hematopoiesis

Answer 4

process in which red blood cells form erythrocytes (red blood cells) leukocytes (white blood cells) and thrombocytes (blood platelets)

Question 5

erythrocytes

Answer 5

red blood cella

Question 6

leukocytes

Answer 6

white blood cells

Question 7

thrombocytes

Answer 7

blood platelets

Question 8

diaphysis

Answer 8

tubular shaft of bone composed of compact bone tissue

Question 9

medullary cavity

Answer 9

within the diaphysis. contains yellow marrow

Question 10

epiphyses

Answer 10

broader ends of long bone, made of spongy tissue

Question 11

metaphysis

Answer 11

epiphyseal plate (growth plate) where diaphysis and epiphysis meet. when bone stops elongating in early adulthood, this area becomes fully calcified. it remains visible as the epiphyseal line

Question 12

periosteum

Answer 12

strong, fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the outer bone surface of bones. protects and nourishes bone. generates new bone cells for growth and repair.

Question 13

endosteum

Answer 13

membrane that lines the marrow cavity

Question 14

sesamoid bones

Answer 14

such as the patella (kneecap), small rounded bones that form near joints after birth, increasing the efficiency of muscle movement. embedded within tendons and most resemble a sesame seed

Question 15

axial skeleton

Answer 15

vertical axis of body. consists of skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

Question 16

cranial bones

Answer 16

frontal, left and right parietal, left and right temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid

Question 17

facial bones

Answer 17

maxilla, mandible, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, Palatine, inferior nasal concha, vomer. also includes hyoid at the base of the tongue and auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes) of the ears

Question 18

paranasal sinuses

Answer 18

air-fluid cavities. names reflect location: frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and maxillary

Question 19

spinal/vertebral column

Answer 19

consists of: 26 stacked bones, 24 individual vertebrae, sacrum (5 fused vertebrae), and coccyx (4 fused vertebrae)

Question 20

intervertebral disks

Answer 20

joints that connect individual vertebrae. flexible pads of cartilage that add strength and flexibility to spine

Question 21

4 regions of spine

Answer 21

cervical (neck, C1 to C7), thoracic (chest, T1 to T12), lumbar (lower back, L1 to L5) and sacral (sacrum and coccyx)

Question 22

name for first 2 cervical vertebrae

Answer 22

C1: atlas. C2: axis

Question 23

components of vertebrae

Answer 23

anterior: vertebral body.
posterior: vertebral arch (consists of central spinous process [bony prominence], transverse processes on either side, and bar like lamina on either side).

between vertebal body and vertebral arch: neural foramen, through which spinal cord passes

Question 24

thorax/thoracic cage

Answer 24

bony structure of chest that protects the heart and lungs. formed by sternum, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and ribs

Question 25

components of sternum

Answer 25

manubrium (superior)

corpus (body)

xiphoid process (inferior)

Question 26

suprasternal notch

Answer 26

v-shaped superior border of manubrium

Question 27

appendicular skeleton

Answer 27

126 bones attached to the axial skeleton

Question 28

pectoral girdle

Answer 28

shoulder. consists of scapula (shoulder blade) and clavicle (collarbone)

Question 29

acromion

Answer 29

extension of scapula that joins with clavicle to form joint above shoulder

Question 30

glenoid fossa

Answer 30

shallow depression that forms a ball and socket joint with the humerus

Question 31

parts of distal forearm

Answer 31

radius and ulna

Question 32

olecranon

Answer 32

process at the end of ulna that forms the bony point of elbow

Question 33

carpals

Answer 33

2 rows of 4 short bones of wrist. distal to these are the 5 metacarpals (bones of palm)

Question 34

phalanges

Answer 34

bones of fingers

Question 35

pelvic girdle

Answer 35

fixed to the axial skeleton at the sacrum