Binary Number System Flashcards
Binary Number System
*Binary numbering consists of 1s and 0s (bits).
*Decimal numbering includes digits 0 through 9.
*Hosts, servers, and network equipment use binary addresses.
*Addresses are 32-bit strings divided into four octets.
*Each octet contains 8 bits (1 byte) separated by dots.
*Dotted notation is converted to dotted decimal for human use.
Binary Positional Notation
*Positional notation: digit’s value depends on its position.
*Decimal positional notation: powers of 10.
*Binary positional notation: powers of 2.
*Convert binary to decimal using positional values and multiplication.
Convert Binary to Decimal
*Convert binary to decimal using positional values.
Example: Convert 11000000.10101000.00001011.00001010.
*Calculate each octet’s decimal value.
*Combine results to form dotted decimal IPv4 address.
Decimal to Binary Conversion
*Convert decimal to binary using positional values.
Example: Convert decimal 168 to binary.
*Determine if each positional value is needed.
*Subtract values to determine the next step.
*Write binary digits accordingly.
IPv4 Addresses
*Routers and computers understand binary.
*Humans use decimal.
*Networking requires understanding both systems.
Hexadecimal Number System
*Hexadecimal (hex) base-16 system.
*Uses digits 0-9 and letters A-F.
*Convenient for representing binary values.
*Used for IPv6 addresses and MAC addresses.
Hexadecimal and IPv6 Addresses
*IPv6 addresses use hexadecimal representation.
*Every 4 bits = 1 hexadecimal digit.
*IPv6 addresses have 32 hexadecimal values.
*Preferred writing: each X represents four hex values.
*Each group of four hex characters is a hextet.
