Binary number and Digital logic (Mira tu libreta y repasa + notes cards) Flashcards
Octal Decimal and Hexadecimal
Octal and Hexadecimal are ways to group bits
together
Octal: base 8
Decimal: base 10
Hexadecimal: base 16
Hexadecimal
Symbol
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
a
b
c
d
e
f
Hexadecimal to Binary
f0e516 = ? in binary
* Translate each into a group of 4 bits:
f16 => 11112, 016 => 00002, e16 => 11102, 516 => 01012
So this is 11110000111001012
What is ASCII?
American Standard Code for Information
Interchange
Use byte values to represent characters
Bitwise Logical Operations
binary operations:
◦ NOT
◦ AND
◦ OR
◦ XOR
◦ NAND
◦ NOR
NOT
a not(a)
0 1
1 0
AND
a b a and b
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
OR
a b a or b
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
XOR
a b a xor b
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
NAND
a b a nand b
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
NOR
a b a nor b
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
Computer architecture
and Operating systems
Von Neuman Architecture (mira note cards)
Systems Software
Linux, MacOS, Windows..
Functions of the Operating System
Multitasking/multiprogramming
Multithreading
Multiprocessing
Virtual Memory
Graphical user interface (GUI)
Processes
A process has a self-contained execution environment. A
process generally has a complete, private set of basic run-time
resources; in particular, each process has its own memory
space.
Threads
Threads exist within a process — every process has at least
one. Threads share the process’s resources, including memory
and open files.
File Systems
is a type of data store which can be used to store,
retrieve and update a set of files.
Main types for disk file systems:
◦ FAT (12,16,32, and exFAT)
◦ NTFS
◦ Ex2, ext3, and ext4
◦ HFS Plus
What is a memory address?
A number that is assigned to each byte in a computer’s memory that the CPU uses to track where data and instructions are stored in RAM.
What’s the difference between Word size versus address size
It denotes the number of bits that a CPU can process at one time.
Word size versus address size
What are the functions of an operating systems?
•Multitasking/multiprogramming
•Multithreading
•Multiprocessing
•Virtual Memory
•Graphical user interface (GUI)
What is a processes?
◦A process has a self-contained execution environment. A process generally has a complete, private set of basic run-time resources; in particular, each process has its own memory space.
What’s is a thread?
Threads exist within a process — every process has at least one. Threads share the process’s resources, including memory and open files. This makes for efficient, but potentially problematic, communication.
What’s the difference between processes and threads
Both processes and threads provide an execution environment, but creating a new thread requires fewer resources than creating a new process.
What is multitasking?
Multitasking/ multiprogramming: The management of two or more tasks, or programs, running concurrently on the computer system (one CPU).
What is multithreading?
Multithreading: A form of multitasking that runs multiple tasks within a single application simultaneously.
What is multiprocessing?
Multiprocessing: simultaneous processing of more than one program by assigning them to different processors (multiple CPUs).
What is a file system?
is a type of data store which can be used to store, retrieve and update a set of files.
What’s is a device management?
Device management provides a way to uniformly notify all applications and system features of changes that may affect their operation or access to resources.
Virtual Memory:
A feature that simulates more main memory than actually exists in the computer system by extending primary storage into secondary storage.
Graphical user interface (GUI):
system software that allows users to have direct control of visible objects (such as icons) and actions, which replace command syntax.
