Binary Flashcards
What are the ones and zeros called?
Bits
What is P and A?
Presence and Absence
What can bits be used to represent?
Numbers, words, images and sounds
What is the general rule with bits?
In general with n bits we can represent 2^n symbols
What are bytes?
A string of 8 bits (2^8)
How many bits are required to represent our alphabet?
7 bits (2^7=128)
What is ASCII?
American standard code for information interchange
In ASCII with 7 bit, how can you identify a lowercase letter?
There is a 1 on the third bit
How many symbols does a hexadecimal system have?
16
How many bits are required in a hexadecimal system?
4 bits (2^4)
How many bytes are in 1KB?
1024 (2^10) bytes
How many KB are in 1MB?
1024(2^10)KB
How many symbols does the denary system have?
10 symbols
How does the denary system work?
Each place value to the left is ten times the previous place value
How many symbols does the binary system have?
2
How does the binary system work?
Each place value to the left is two times the previous place value
How do you show it is a Denary number?
Using the subscript of 10
What’s the method for converting denary to binary?
Take away the highest bit and work down
What’s the method for subtracting binary numbers?
If a number is borrowed to make “10” then the subtraction equals 1
What is ten’s compliment method?
Subtract the smallest value from the next highest power of ten and then add the original larger value. Then ignore the first digit
What is two’s compliment method?
- Flip every number in the second value
- Add 1 to get twos compliment
- Add twos compliment to the first number
- Disregard the leading number
How do you represent negative values with twos comp?
Flip the digits and add 1
How can you tell its a negative value?
It begins with a 1
How do binary fractions work?
Its the bit to the negative power (keep halfing it)
What happens with decimals due to a fixed number of bits?
You are left with remainders
What are the limitations of fixed point?
By using integer and fractional parts of a real number its limiting
What is the sign of FPN?
The sign at the front of the standard form
What is the Mantissa of FPN?
The number in the standard form?
What is the Exponent of FPN?
The power of the standard form
How is the Exponent affected in the binary FPN?
Binary instead is used for the power eg.111=7
What does 1 as the sign represent in an 8 bit FPN?
-1
How does excess 4 notation effect three bit exponent?
Shifts it by 4 positions
What base is octal?
Base 8
What base is hexadecimal?
Base 16
How do you convert binary to octal?
- Count to 7 using binary
- Split the binary into 3 bit segments from the right
- Count this and then multiply by the corresponding octal
How do you convert octal to binary?
Convert each octal into a 3 bit binary number
How many digits can you count to with 1 digit in hex?
15
How many bits are needed to count to 15?
4
How do you convert binary to hex?
Same as octal just use 4 bit segments instead
