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BIIC_Pharmacology > BIIC Pharmacology Lecture 1_Pharmacology of Anemias and Cytopenias > Flashcards

BIIC Pharmacology Lecture 1_Pharmacology of Anemias and Cytopenias Flashcards

1
Q

How do you treat Iron deficiency anemia?

A

By administering an Iron Salt Suppliment. The iron must be in the ferous form (Fe2+)

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2
Q

When administering an Iron suppliment, how should it be taken? What can interfer with it?

A

If tollerable, it should be taken on an empty stomach. Orange Juice can help increase absorbtion. Eggs, milk, coffee, and tea reduce the absorbtion

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3
Q

What is the black box warning for Iron

A

Overdose can lead to fatal iron poisening, particularly in children.

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4
Q

Why should you avoid taking iron at the same time as other medicines?

A

Some medications, like levothyroxine and tetracycline antibiotics will chelate with the iron and neither will be absorbed

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5
Q

What are the main reasons for folic acid deficiency

A

Heavy alcohol use and pregnancy

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6
Q

How should cyanocobalamin (B12 supplement) be administered?

A

Orally if levels are marginally low, IM injection is levels are very low, and nasal spray after patient is in remission

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7
Q

What is a rare but significant side effect of B12 supplements?

A

Hypokalemia

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8
Q

Epoetin Alfa and Darbepoetin Alfa are both what?

A

erythropoietic drugs that exert the same effect as endogenous EPO.

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9
Q

What is the half life of Epoetin Alfa?

A

4-13 hours

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10
Q

What is the half life of Darbepoetin Alfa?

A

74 hours

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11
Q

What is the Black Box warning for erythropoietic drugs?

A

Becuase they stimulate the production of RBC, they can increase the viscosity of the blood leading to cardiovascular events. Because of this, hemoglobin needs to be closely monitored and should not rise more than 1 g/dL every two weeks. This medication should also not e used in patients with uncontrolled hypertention

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12
Q

How does hydroxyurea treat sickle cell anemia?

A

It induces HbF replication and blocks HbS replication by unknown mechanisiums

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13
Q

What is the half life of hydroxyurea and how is it metabolised?

A

Half life is 2-4.5 hours. 40% renal excretion (unchanged) and 60% liver metabolisium

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14
Q

What is the black box warning for hydroxyurea?

A

It can causes myelosuppression.

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15
Q

What are the two main considerations for treatment of HbS with hydroxyurea?

A

Increases HbF by 20% and reduces painful crises by 50%

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16
Q

What is the MOA of the antineoplastic agents 5-azacytidine and decitabine?

A

They demethyalate DNA so genes can be expressed.

17
Q

What is the half life of 5-azacytidine?

A

4 hours, it is renally excreted

18
Q

What is the half life of Decitabine?

A

.54 to .62 hours, it is renally excreted

19
Q

Why are antineoleptic agents second line treatments of HbS behind hyroxyurea?

A

Because they interfere with normal DNA synthesis there is concern with using them prophylacticly

20
Q

How do you treat neutropenia?

A

by giving Colony Stimulating factors (CSF)

21
Q

Filgrastim, Pegfilgrastim, and Sargramostim are all examples of what?

A

CSFs (Sargramostim is a GM-CSF, the other two are G-CSFs)

22
Q

What are the half lives of Filgrastim, Pegfilgrastim, and Sargramostim?

A

Filgrastim: 3.5 hours
Pegfilgrastim: 15-80 hours
Sargramostim: 3.84 hours (IV) and 1.4 hours (subQ)

23
Q

What are the two main consideration with CSF medications?

A

Do CBC with differential and platelet count. Monitor for respitory infection

24
Q

What is Oprelvekin?

A

It is recombinant human IL-11 which stimulate thrombopoesis

25
Q

What is the half life of oprelvekin?

A

6.9 hours

26
Q

How can oprelvekin be used to add cancer treatment?

A

It is useful in patients with nonmyeloid malignancies that have thrombocytopenia due to chemo

27
Q

What is Eltrombopag, what is its half life?

A

It is a thrombopoietin receptor agonist with a half life of 21-35 hours

28
Q

What is the black box warning for Elrombopag

A 
Patients with
chronic hepatitis C, eltrombopag
in combination with interferon
and ribavirin may increase risk of
hepatic decompensation.
29
Q

What is Romiplostim?

A

Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonist

30
Q

What is the MOA and half life of Romiplistim?

A

MOA: Recombinant IgG1 Fc-peptide protein that binds and activates the thrombopoietin receptor and increases platelet production
Half Life: 3.5 days

BIIC_Pharmacology (9 decks)

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