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Biology > BIG TEST YOU DIDNT STUDY FOR > Flashcards

BIG TEST YOU DIDNT STUDY FOR Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what makes the structure of carbon well suited to form macromolecules

A

Carbon contains 4 valence electrons available to form covalent bonds with other carbons

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2
Q

“Mono”

A

One

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3
Q

“Poly”

A

Many

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4
Q

Smallest unit of a macromolecule

A

Monomer

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5
Q

Name of the process that assembles monomers to make a macromolecule

A

Polymerization

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6
Q

Chemical symbols of the different elements which are found in carbohydrates

A

C-carbon
H-hydrogen
O-oxygen

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7
Q

What is a monomer of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharide

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8
Q

General shape of a glucose molecule

A

Hexagon

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9
Q

How many bonds does carbon form in glucose

A

Single

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10
Q

Write the chemical formula for glucose

A

C6H12O6

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11
Q

Name two functions of carbohydrates in living organisms

A

Quick energy

Starch/cellulose—-structural purposes

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12
Q

Name the chemical symbols of the different types of elements which are found in lipids

A

H-hydrogen
C-carbon
O-oxygen

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13
Q

How many bonds can carbon form in a lipid

A

Single or double bonds

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14
Q

What is the name given to the COOH group at the end of each fatty acid

A

Carboxyl group

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15
Q

What are the uses of the carboxyl group?

A

Stored energy

Makes up the cell membrane (NOT THE WALL)

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16
Q

How can you tell a carbohydrate from a fatty acid

A

Carbohydrates have no carboxyl group (COOH)
Carbohydrates form in rings
Lipids form in chains

17
Q

What are the functions of lipids in living organisms

A

Fats, oils, waxes, hormones, pigments, mucous, stored energy, insulation, cell membrane

18
Q

Single bonds between neighboring carbons in the hydrocarbon chain are called

A

Saturated

19
Q

Hydrocarbon chain with a double bond in a fatty acid is said to be

A

Unsaturated

20
Q

What’s the difference between monounsaturated and polyunsaturated

A

One double bond in a fatty acid-monosaturated

Multiple double bonds-polyunsaturated

21
Q

Name the polar and the nonpolar part of a phospholipid

A

Head is polar because it is hydrophobic

Tails are nonpolar

22
Q

Name the different chemical symbols of the different chemical elements found in proteins

A

H-hydrogen

O-oxygen

23
Q

What is a monomer of protein

A

Amino acid

24
Q

Name the 4 basic parts of an amino acid

A

Carboxyl group
Amino group NH2
Hydrogen atom
Side chain “R”

25
Q

What types of bonds hold amino acids together

A

Peptide bond

26
Q

Name that reaction: two amino acids bond and a molecule of water is made

A

Dehydration synthesis

27
Q

What does the “R” group in a protein molecule stand for and what is its function

A

R-amino acid

Because of structure, it determines the function

28
Q

What are the functions of proteins in living organisms

A

Main thing that makes up DNA
Growth and repair, build of cells
Speed up chemical reactions
Biological catezymes AKA enzymes

29
Q

What distinguishes the function of proteins from the function of carbohydrates

A

The polypeptide bond in the structure

30
Q

List the chemical symbols of the different elements in nucleic acid

A

CHONP

31
Q

What is the shape of the carbon ring found in nucleic acid

A

Pentagon

32
Q

What is the element found in nucleic acid that is not present in any of the other macromolecules

A

Phosphorus

33
Q

What is the monomer of nucleic acid

A

Nucleotides

34
Q

Two types of nucleic acid

A

DNA/RNA

35
Q

What are the names of the nitrogenous bases in RNA

A

Adenine-uracil

Guanine-cytosine

36
Q

How do the nitrogenous bases pair up in DNA

A

Guanine-cytosine

Adenine-thytamine

37
Q

What information does DNA contain

A

Genetic codes and functions

Heredity

Biology (4 decks)

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