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EMO PSYCH > Big Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Big Quiz 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

The components of emotion

A

Subjective feelings, expressions, physiological changes, action tendency & cognition (appraisal)

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2
Q

Action tendency

A

Behaviors that are associated with emotion

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3
Q

Modal model of emotion

A

Relevant situations arouse multi-systems responses; the longer the exposure the longer the response (Gross & Thompson)

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4
Q

Steps of modal model of emotion

A

Situation
Attention
appraisal
Multi-system response

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5
Q

Emotion generative cycle

A

Situations, attention,apprasial and responses cycle through a feedback loop

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6
Q

Principles of natural selection

A

Superabundance
Variation
selection

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7
Q

Evolutionary psychology

A

Study of cognitive mechanisms that have evolved to overcome barriers to survival or reproduction

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8
Q

Principles of evolutionary Psychology I

A

Input is needed for mechanisms of adaptation to evolve

A callus (adaptation) could not evolve without input (friction)

Jealousy (adaptation) could signal that partner(s) are defecting from the relationship

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9
Q

Principles of evolutionary Psychology II

A

All psychological mechanisms are shaped by evolution

Example: Superabundance creates competition; variation and trait selection shapes evolution.

Selection is the most important for understanding the context in which traits evolve.

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10
Q

Principles of evolutionary Psychology III

A

Psychological adaptations are information processing devices: Inputs (adaptive issue)
Decision Rules (potential resolutions)
Outputs (action)

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11
Q

Why did emotions evolve?

A

To psychologically adapt and cope with issues (input)

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12
Q

Principles of evolutionary Psychology VI

A

Psychological mechanisms occur in the brain

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13
Q

Principles of evolutionary Psychology V

A

Psychological adaptations are functional

Example: Darwin; the beaks of finches evolved around their food systems

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14
Q

Results of Monkey Study

A
  • Lab monkeys learned snake fear response from wild monkeys
  • Lab monkeys watched wild monkeys respond fearfully to flowers, but didn’t imitate the behavior
  • Case point: the object of fear must have a strong innate evolutionary component
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15
Q

Infant + Rat Study

A

Berridge; rats and infants displayed identical facial expressions to sweet and bitter tastes

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16
Q

Results of Olympic Photo Study

A

Matsumoto; no differences in expressive displays in blind & sighted athletes

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17
Q

Evidence for Innate Emotions I

A

Monkeys readily acquired fear responses to evolutionarily-important stimuli

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18
Q

Evidence for Innate Emotions II

A

Babies make context appropriate emotional expressions

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19
Q

Evidence for Innate Emotions III

A

Rodents responded to sweet and bitter tastes like human infants

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20
Q

Evidence for Innate Emotions IV

A

Blind athletes make context appropriate expressions

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21
Q

Are emotions functional and adaptive?

A

Fill

22
Q

Darwin’s Principles of Expression

A

Expressions have functions, opposite expressions have opposite functions, expressions are involuntary

23
Q

Fear + Disgust Expressions study

A

Susskind; eyes widen and move quickly, more air is taken in at a faster rate & disgust and fear lead to opposing functions and expression

24
Q

Emblems

A

culturally understood actions that translate directly to words
👍🏾“Thumbs up!”

25
Q

Illustrators

A

Actions that augment speech; learned during speech acquisitions & frequency of use depends on speaker engagement and energy

26
Q

Regulators

A

Actions that regulate the reciprocal nature of conversation

27
Q

Self-Adapters

A

Eckman; Nonproductive nervous behaviors to release energy

28
Q

Displays of Emotion

A

Facial, vocal, bodily and tactile mechanisms of emotional communication

29
Q

Facial Expressions Basics

A

Genuine expressions tend to last longer than disingenuous ones, they involve involuntary muscle movements and parallel displays are observed in other species

30
Q

Eckman Study summary

A

Fore Tribesman were presented with photos of different expressions from westerners then were asked to tell emotional stories based on 1-3 expression they interpreted through the images.

31
Q

Eckman’s 7 Facially Distinctive Emotions

A

Happiness, fear, anger, sadness, disgust and contempt

32
Q

FACS

A

facial action coding system; different expressions have unique combinations of AUs (facial muscular points)

33
Q

Sentiment Analysis

A

Technology that quantifies the emotional intent and context of language; dimensional vs discrete models

34
Q

Prosody

A

Changes in patterns of tune,rhythm and timbre to convey emotion

35
Q

Vocal bursts

A

Brief utterances or fillers between words that have emotional or neutral connotations

36
Q

Prosody Study

A

Laukka; international group of participants judged statements of different prosody from each country that conveyed 11 emotions

  • participants judged statements from their own country more accurately
37
Q

Vocal Burst Study

A

Sauter; English/Himba speaking participants, heard emotional stories. They were played two bursts (one that matched the story, one that did not).

  • achievement and pleasure bursts in English were not readily identified by the Himba
  • Both groups recognized their languages better (in-group effect)
38
Q

Vocal Bursts Study II

A

Cowen; recorded 2000+ bursts across 4 countries of 30 emotional scenarios and 1000+ participants judged them; forced choice and free response (discrete + dimensional)

  • created a cool visual map; bursts are bridged by smooth gradients with continuously varying meanings
39
Q

Tennis Photo Study

A

Hillel; participants judged separate extreme facial and body expressions to determine the context.

  • easier to determine win/loss by body language
  • win/loss facial expressions were mostly judged as negative
  • ## when reversed (loss face + win body) only the body was considered
40
Q

Voluntary vs Automatic Emotional Expressions Study

A
  • women with volitional facial paresis struggled to voluntarily make expressions, but their facial smiling reflexes were in-tact when told a joke
  • men with emotional facial paresis struggle with reflexive facial expressions but can voluntarily move their facial muscles, can make themselves smile, but expressions are dampened when told a joke. Their emotional experience isn’t effected.
41
Q

Affective Blindsight

A
  • Trauma to the visual cortex damages the ability to perceive emotional stimulus, but vision is intact
  • able to recognize and respond to expressions, but cannot consciously perceive them
42
Q

Continuous Flash Suppression Study

A

Lapate (self-report, likability and skin conductance ); goggles displayed visual stimuli to the dominant eye and an emotional expression in the other - unconscious preference for dominant eye view

43
Q

Neutral Face Component

A

Participants asked to make judgements about neutral faces through both eyes (how much do you like this face?)

Group B saw expressions through both eyes (can we consciously perceive the facial expressions affecting our behavior? Does our ability to recognize expression affect likability ratings?

44
Q

Skin Conductance Component

A

Group A who saw faces had sweaty palms when viewing negative faces, which didn’t affect any changes in likability (able to see them)

Group A who did not see faces also had sweaty palms and likability for the neutral face decreased

  • even when faces were not consciously perceived, participants still experienced skin conductance, which was associated with them subsequently rating the neutral faces as less likable; unconscious emotional expression is possible
  • emotional expression perception can affect our physiology and attitudes on an unconscious level
45
Q

Critiques of Universality

A
  • low hanging fruit; we don’t need the face for emotional expression
  • force choice over free response model
  • ecological validity; do people really make Eckmans prototypical expressions?
46
Q

Free Choice Results

A

Rosen & Cohen; trained on Eckman emotion expressions then asked to freely describe emotions of students on campus
- emotions reported were not included in expression prototypes, most common where confusion and amusement (variation)

47
Q

Incidence of Prototypical Expressions

A

Summerville; participants rated how often they saw prototypical expressions and consistently saw happy and neutral faces, not the full range

48
Q

Emotional Expression Accents

A

Elfbyne; compared prototypes to AU expression recordings of two different ethnic groups in Montreal
- expressions were distinct from the prototypes and each other, suggesting emotional expression accents like language

49
Q

Exaptation

A

Existing traits that develop new functions in response to selective pressures

50
Q

Social Motivations

A

Attachment, assertion and affiliation

51
Q

Male Provisioning Hypothesis

A

Enhanced infant mobility (bipedalism) increased maternal investment and males cared specifically for their own offspring

52
Q

Antisocial Motivations

A

Hostility, degradation and destruction of rival groups

EMO PSYCH (3 decks)

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