Big Name Conditions Flashcards
Cellulitis - Causative organisms?
Staph Aureus (Gram + cocci)
Strep Pyogenes (Gram + cocci in chains)
Treatment for Cellulitis?
Flucloxacilin
Effective against both staph and strep
Beta Lactam
Penicillin
Cell Wall inhibitor.
Staph aureus treatment if MRSA?
Vancomycin - Glycopeptide
Tonsillitis - Causative Pathogen?
Strep Pyogenes (gram + cocci)
Strep P virulence factors - hyaluronic capsule makes it a poor immunogen
M protein - hijacks respiratory burst of neutrophils.
Streptokinase- breaks down blood clots
Sepsis - causative pathogens?
Neisseria Meningiditis (young individual - gram - diplococcus)
Strep Pneumoniae (gram + cocci)
Sepsis - Treatment
Neiserria Meningiditis - Ceftriaxone (3rd gen cephalosporin- Beta Lactam, cell wall synthesis inhibitor)
Strep Pneumoniae - Ceftriaxone.
UTI - causative organisms?
Ecoli- (gram negative rods, commensal of colon, more frequent in women)
Candida Albicans - vaginal flora commensal.
UTI - treatment?
Ecoli - Trimetrophin - Folic Acid inhibitor.
Candida Albicans - topical nystatin or clotrimazole.
IV Flucanozole if severe
Systemic - Amphotericin B
Perotinitis?
E. Coli.
Give old Trimethropim again, and you guessed it - folic acid synthesis inhibitor.
Pneumonia?
Streptococcus Pneumoniae - gram positive cocci. Polysaccharide capsule is a serious virulence factor.
Treatment:
Mild: Amoxicillin(Doxycycline if penicillin allergy)
Moderate: Amoxicillin (beta lactam) and Doxycycline (tetracycline) - Doxycycline only if penicillin allergy)
Severe - Co-amoxiclav and Doxycycline
All cell wall synthesis inhibitors.
What about Pneumonia from Haemophillus Influenzae?
Haemophilus Influenzae - gram neg coccobacili, encapsulated and nasopharyngeal commensal in some.
Treatment: co-amoxiclav, breaks down b-Lactamase produced by H. influenzae so penicillin can act. Cell wall synthesis inhibition.
Diarrhoea?
C. Diff - gram positive rod. Anaerobe. Associated with antiobiotic usage.
C. Diff virulence factors?
Toxin A (enterotoxin) - inflammation and build up of fluid in bowel - Diarrhoea. Toxin B (cytotoxin) - disrupts protein synthesis and disrupts cytoskeleton.
C. Diff treatment?
Metronidazole (anti bacterial and anti Protozoa)- mild cases.
Vancomycin (glycopeptides)- serious cases.
Aortic Valve Stenosis?
Viridans Streptococci
Gram + cocci in chains.
Treat using IV penicillin. Gentamicin - aminoglycoside - broad spectrum.
Malaria.
Plasmodium Falciparum.
Treat using Quinine - blocks parasite DNA replication.
Doxycycline - blocks translation in bacteria through binding to 30s ribosome.
HIV treatment?
HAART
2 x nucleoside inhibitors.
Plus 1 x non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
Or protease/ integrase inhibitor.
Hep C treatment?
Ribovarin and interferon - 8-12 weeks treatment.
Neisseria Men virulence factors
Lipopolysaccharide.
Staph epidermidis- virulence
Forms a slime - very difficult to remove
Also - gram + cocci grape like
Haemophillus Influenzae?
Nasopharyngeal commensal is disease free people sometimes
Opportunistic.
Treat with amoxicillin - beta Lactam - cell wall inhibitor
Gram neg coccobacili
Treat with amoxicillin.
Salmonella Typhi
Gram neg bacilli
Cause typhoid or enteric fever
Treat with cephalosporins
Legionella Pneumophilia
Gram neg bacilli
Treat with clarithomycin (macrolide)
Legionnaire’s disease
Varicella Zoster
Chicken pox
LATENT IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA
reappears as shingles on a single dermatome
Treat with Acyclovir
Norovirus
Winter vomiting bug
Single stranded RNA
Fecal oral route
