Big Idea C Flashcards
Dalton’s atomic model
Atoms can be combined, separated, and rearranged during chemical reactions.
Thomson’s atomic model
Called the plum pudding model, there is one subatomic particle (the electron), and these particles are spaced randomly in a positive region. His experiment with cathode rays found that cathode rays bend to positive plate so electrons must be negative.
Rutherford’s atomic model
Called the gold foil model, there are two subatomic particles (the electron and the proton), and these particles are each localized in a specific region (protons in the nucleus, and electrons scattered around the nucleus randomly). The gold foil experiment led directly to the discovery of the atomic nucleus, where most alpha particles went straight through the gold foil but some positive alpha repelled back.
Bohr’s atomic model
He used the emission spectrum to discover that electrons exist on orbits or shells. With his model, he discovered the energy levels within an element as the closer to the nucleus, the less energy an electron has.
Schrodinger’s atomic model
He created his own math to prove that electron orbitals (not orbits) are fixated in clouds. His wave equation proved that particles can also be waves and you can calculate the energy level for an electron.
Relationship: energy, frequency, wavelength
As the energy of a photon increases, the frequency increases, and the wavelength decreases.
Which color has the most and least energy levels?
Violet has the most while red has the least
Ground state
N=1
Excited state
N=2 or greater
Absorption
Going farther from the nucleus. Ex: n=2 to n=4
Emission (release)
Going towards the nucleus. Ex: n=5 to n=2
In a neutral, ground state boron atom, how many electrons would be in the n=2 energy level?
3
