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Science Grade 9 > Big Chem Test > Flashcards

Big Chem Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the central science

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

What is matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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3
Q

What is matter made up

A

Tiny particles called atoms and molecules

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4
Q

What are the 3 main states of matter

A

Solid, Liquid, Gas

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5
Q

A group of atoms bonded together is called?

A

A molecule

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6
Q

Describe solid particles (movement & space)

A

Very little space between, vibrations are the only movement but ALWAYS moving. Do not take the shape of their container.

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7
Q

Describe liquid (movement & space)

A

Loose space between particles. No defined shape and flow to fill the shape of their containers space.

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8
Q

Describe gas (movement & space)

A

Spread apart space, move at a fast pace. Gas expands to fit its container no matter how large (or small), moving freely.

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9
Q

What is mass

A

Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object

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10
Q

What is volume

A

Volume is the amount of space something occupies

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11
Q

What are the 3 atoms

A

Protons (p+), Neutrons (n), Electrons (e-)

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12
Q

Name the 5 parts of an atom

A

Orbit, Nucleus, Proton, Electron, Neutron

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13
Q

What charge are protons (pos, neg, neu)

A

Positive (pro!)

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14
Q

What charge are neutrons (pos, neg, neu)

A

Neutral! (neutr)

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15
Q

What charge are electrons (pos, neg, neu)

A

Negative! (not pro or neutr)

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16
Q

A ____ can flow slowly or quickly

A

Liquid

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17
Q

Water will turn ____ when it is below 0°C

A

Solid

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18
Q

What is it called when a solid becomes a liquid

A

Melting

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19
Q

What is it called when a solid becomes a gas

A

Sublimation (dry ice)

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20
Q

What is it called when a liquid becomes a solid

A

Freezing

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21
Q

What is it called when a liquid becomes a gas

A

Evaporation

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22
Q

What is it called when a gas becomes a liquid

A

Condensation

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23
Q

What is it called when a gas becomes a solid

A

Deposition (frost)

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24
Q

What is particle theory

A

It is an explanation of why matter, which is made of particles, behaves the way it does.

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25
Q

All matter is made up of tiny ____

A

Particles

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26
Q

Particles are always _____

A

Moving

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27
Q

There is ____ between all particles

A

Space

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28
Q

Adding heat makes particles move _____

A

Faster

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29
Q

All particles in a pure substance are the ____

A

Same (and different substances are made of different particles.)

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30
Q

How many major points of particle theory?

A

5

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31
Q

List the major points of particles theory

A
  1. All matter is made up of tiny particles
  2. Particles are always moving
  3. There is space between all particles
  4. Adding heat makes particles move faster
  5. All particles in a pure substance are the same (different substances have different particles)
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32
Q

Where is the nucleus

A

In the center

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33
Q

Is the nucleus penetrable?

A

No ma’am.

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34
Q

What’s inside the nucleus

A

Protons and Neutrons

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35
Q

Where are the protons in an atom

A

Inside the nucleus

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36
Q

Where are the neutrons in an atom

A

Inside the nucleus

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37
Q

Where are the electrons in an atom

A

Circulating on the orbit

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38
Q

Chlorine. What’s the symbol?

A

Cl

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39
Q

Cl, What’s the name?

A

Chlorine

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40
Q

Chlorine - 17, 35. What’s the atomic number?

A

17, it’s always the smaller one

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41
Q

Chlorine - 17, 35. What’s the atomic mass?

A

35, it’s always the bigger number

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42
Q

How do you use math to find the amount of neutrons in an atom?

A

Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass

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43
Q

How do you figure out the amount of electrons or protons in an atom?

A

Look at the atomic number

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44
Q

What does the atomic number represent?

A

The protons or electrons

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45
Q

What does the atomic mass represent

A

of protons + # of neutrons

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46
Q

How many man made elements are there?

A

26

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47
Q

How many natural elements are there?

A

92

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48
Q

How many groups are there?

A

18

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49
Q

Matter can either be a _____ or a ______

A

Pure substance, mixture

50
Q

Pure substances can be _____ or _____

A

Elements, compounds

51
Q

What are mixtures

A

They are a type of substance that contains 2 or more different particles mixed together. (They can be separated)

52
Q

What are the 2 types of mixtures (at a molecular level)

A

Homogenous and Heterogeneous

53
Q

What are the 2 types of pure substances? (At a molecular level)

A

Elements and compounds

54
Q

What is a pure substance

A

A pure substances contains one type of particle throughout, either element or compound (water or coffee)

55
Q

What is an element

A

An element is a substance that has one kind of atom (like Au [Gold] or Ne [Neon])

56
Q

What is a compound

A

Compounds are substances that are made up of 2 or more elements (H20 [Water] or NaCl [Sodium Chloride])

57
Q

How do you read chemical symbols

A

Identify the element and see if there is a number at the right side of it. If there is none there is only one of that element.

E.g. CH3COOH (vinegar) is made up of 2 Carbon, 4 Hydrogen, and 2 Oxygen

Or

H2O is 2 hydrogen and 1 Oxygen. NaCl is 1 Sodium and 1 Chlorine atom

58
Q

Heterogenous mixtures are also called:

A

Mechanical mixtures

59
Q

Homogenous mixtures are also called:

A

Solutions

60
Q

A heterogeneous mixture is:

A

A mixture that is visibly not uniform throughout (chocolate chip cookies, soil, or dirty water)

61
Q

Hetero means

A

Different

62
Q

Homo means

A

Same

63
Q

Homogenous mixtures are:

A

A combination of 2 or more pure substances, visibly the same throughout

64
Q

How do you differentiate between a homo or hetero-geneous mixture?

A

If you can you separate it physically it’s heterogenous.
If you can’t separate it physically it means it’s same throughout on a surface level, meaning it’s homogeneous.

65
Q

How can you tell if its a compound or an element

A

If you can chemically separate the atoms of the thing it it’s a compound, if not, it’s an element.

66
Q

Is sodium (Na) element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?

A

Element

67
Q

Is oxygen gas (O2) an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?

A

El

68
Q

Is a fruit salad an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?

A

Heterogenous mixture

69
Q

Is apple juice an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?

A

Homogenous

70
Q

Is air an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?

A

Compound

71
Q

Is steam an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?

A

Compound

72
Q

Are rice krispies an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?

A

Heterogenous

73
Q

Is methane gas (CH2) element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?

A

Compound

74
Q

Is Gold (Au) an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?

A

Element

75
Q

Is vegetable soup an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?

A

Heterogenous

76
Q

Is saltwater an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?

A

Homogenous

77
Q

Compounds can or cannot be broken down into atoms?

A

Can

78
Q

Elements can or cannot be broken down into atoms?

A

Cannot

79
Q

How is an element different from a compound

A

Elements can’t be chemically separated, cuz 1 type of atom

80
Q

How does matter break down

A

Splits twice. Pure substance and mixture. Splits 4x. Element and compound on the pure substance side. Homogenous and heterogenous on the mixture side.

81
Q

What is the boiling point for water

A

100°C

82
Q

What is density

A

The amount of matter per unit volume (mass over volume)

83
Q

What is the formula for density

A

Mass over volume

84
Q

What is a physical property

A

Physical properties that can be observed without forming a new substance

85
Q

List the physical properties starting with s and d

A

Smell, solubility, state, density, and ductility

86
Q

List the physical properties starting with h and m

A

Hardness, heat conductivity, malleability, melting point

87
Q

Name 7 physical properties not starting with m, h, d, or s

A

Colour, texture, lustre, electronic conductivity, viscosity, boiling point

88
Q

What is a chemical property

A

Chemical properties that a new substance forms from when it changes

89
Q

Name chemical properties starting with a and f

A

Flammability, acidity, ability to rust, ability to oxidize

90
Q

Name chemical properties starting with c and r

A

Reactivity to other materials, radioactivity, corrosivity, combustibility

91
Q

Is boiling point chem or phys property

A

Physical

92
Q

Is lustre chem or phys property

A

Physical

93
Q

Is acid reaction chem or phys property

A

Chemical

94
Q

Is conductivity chem or phys property

A

Physical

95
Q

How many tell tale signs of chemical change are there

A

5

96
Q

What are the 5 tell tale signs of chemical change

A

Colour change, heat or light emissions, gas bubble formation (not boiling point), precipitate forms in liquid, irreversible

97
Q

Transition metals are:

A

Shiny and hard

98
Q

Noble gases are:

A

Unreactive

99
Q

Group seventeen contains the:

A

Halogens

100
Q

The ______ _____ are in group 1

A

Alkali metals

101
Q

The periodic table is organized into ____, _____, and _____

A

Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

102
Q

Where are the metals typically found on the periodic table

A

Left of the staircase/center

103
Q

What are 5.5 properties of metals

A

Dense, lustrous, malleable, have high melting points, and are great heat and electricity conductors

104
Q

Where are the nonmetals

A

They are at the far right if the staircase

105
Q

What are 4 properties of nonmetals

A

Dull, brittle, and poor conductors of electricity and heat

106
Q

Where are metalloids

A

Directly on top (right side) of staircase

107
Q

What are metalloid properties

A

They have the properties of both metal and nonmetals and are often used in computers (silicon)

108
Q

What is the name of the chemist who created the first periodic table

A

Dimitri Mendeleev

109
Q

Name 2 ways the periodic table is oraginzed

A

It’s oraginized into 18 groups, 7 periods, ordered by atomic mass, and families

110
Q

4 major families?

A

Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, and noble gases

111
Q

Groups on the periodic table have similar:

A

Physical and chemical properties

112
Q

Groups on the periodic table have the same:

A

Number of valence electrons

113
Q

Periods on the periodic table have the same:

A

Number of occupied electron shells

114
Q

What group and what 2 properties do alkali metals have + 3 examples

A

Group 1, extremely reactive, easily combine. Sodium, Potassium, Cesium

115
Q

Electron limit per shell?

A

2, 8, 8, 18

116
Q

What group and what 2 properties do alkaline earth metals have + 3 examples

A

Group 2, very reactive but not as much as group 1, greyish, metallic, and good electricity conductors. Magnesium, Beryllium, Calcium

117
Q

What group and what 2 properties do noble gases have + 3 examples

A

Group 18, maxed out valence electrons (stable) = –> unreactive. Helium, Neon, Argon

118
Q

What group and what 2 properties do halogens have + 3 examples

A

Group 17, non-metallic, very reactive. Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine

119
Q

What is the term for electrons in the outermost shell

A

Valence electrons

120
Q

An atom with 1 more electron needed for maxed out shell is:

A

Very reactive and is likely to gain electrons to become stable

121
Q

An atom with a singular valence electron is:

A

Very reactive and likely to lose electrons to stabilize

Science Grade 9 (6 decks)

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