Big Chem Test Flashcards
What is the central science
Chemistry
What is matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is matter made up
Tiny particles called atoms and molecules
What are the 3 main states of matter
Solid, Liquid, Gas
A group of atoms bonded together is called?
A molecule
Describe solid particles (movement & space)
Very little space between, vibrations are the only movement but ALWAYS moving. Do not take the shape of their container.
Describe liquid (movement & space)
Loose space between particles. No defined shape and flow to fill the shape of their containers space.
Describe gas (movement & space)
Spread apart space, move at a fast pace. Gas expands to fit its container no matter how large (or small), moving freely.
What is mass
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object
What is volume
Volume is the amount of space something occupies
What are the 3 atoms
Protons (p+), Neutrons (n), Electrons (e-)
Name the 5 parts of an atom
Orbit, Nucleus, Proton, Electron, Neutron
What charge are protons (pos, neg, neu)
Positive (pro!)
What charge are neutrons (pos, neg, neu)
Neutral! (neutr)
What charge are electrons (pos, neg, neu)
Negative! (not pro or neutr)
A ____ can flow slowly or quickly
Liquid
Water will turn ____ when it is below 0°C
Solid
What is it called when a solid becomes a liquid
Melting
What is it called when a solid becomes a gas
Sublimation (dry ice)
What is it called when a liquid becomes a solid
Freezing
What is it called when a liquid becomes a gas
Evaporation
What is it called when a gas becomes a liquid
Condensation
What is it called when a gas becomes a solid
Deposition (frost)
What is particle theory
It is an explanation of why matter, which is made of particles, behaves the way it does.
All matter is made up of tiny ____
Particles
Particles are always _____
Moving
There is ____ between all particles
Space
Adding heat makes particles move _____
Faster
All particles in a pure substance are the ____
Same (and different substances are made of different particles.)
How many major points of particle theory?
5
List the major points of particles theory
- All matter is made up of tiny particles
- Particles are always moving
- There is space between all particles
- Adding heat makes particles move faster
- All particles in a pure substance are the same (different substances have different particles)
Where is the nucleus
In the center
Is the nucleus penetrable?
No ma’am.
What’s inside the nucleus
Protons and Neutrons
Where are the protons in an atom
Inside the nucleus
Where are the neutrons in an atom
Inside the nucleus
Where are the electrons in an atom
Circulating on the orbit
Chlorine. What’s the symbol?
Cl
Cl, What’s the name?
Chlorine
Chlorine - 17, 35. What’s the atomic number?
17, it’s always the smaller one
Chlorine - 17, 35. What’s the atomic mass?
35, it’s always the bigger number
How do you use math to find the amount of neutrons in an atom?
Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass
How do you figure out the amount of electrons or protons in an atom?
Look at the atomic number
What does the atomic number represent?
The protons or electrons
What does the atomic mass represent
of protons + # of neutrons
How many man made elements are there?
26
How many natural elements are there?
92
How many groups are there?
18
Matter can either be a _____ or a ______
Pure substance, mixture
Pure substances can be _____ or _____
Elements, compounds
What are mixtures
They are a type of substance that contains 2 or more different particles mixed together. (They can be separated)
What are the 2 types of mixtures (at a molecular level)
Homogenous and Heterogeneous
What are the 2 types of pure substances? (At a molecular level)
Elements and compounds
What is a pure substance
A pure substances contains one type of particle throughout, either element or compound (water or coffee)
What is an element
An element is a substance that has one kind of atom (like Au [Gold] or Ne [Neon])
What is a compound
Compounds are substances that are made up of 2 or more elements (H20 [Water] or NaCl [Sodium Chloride])
How do you read chemical symbols
Identify the element and see if there is a number at the right side of it. If there is none there is only one of that element.
E.g. CH3COOH (vinegar) is made up of 2 Carbon, 4 Hydrogen, and 2 Oxygen
Or
H2O is 2 hydrogen and 1 Oxygen. NaCl is 1 Sodium and 1 Chlorine atom
Heterogenous mixtures are also called:
Mechanical mixtures
Homogenous mixtures are also called:
Solutions
A heterogeneous mixture is:
A mixture that is visibly not uniform throughout (chocolate chip cookies, soil, or dirty water)
Hetero means
Different
Homo means
Same
Homogenous mixtures are:
A combination of 2 or more pure substances, visibly the same throughout
How do you differentiate between a homo or hetero-geneous mixture?
If you can you separate it physically it’s heterogenous.
If you can’t separate it physically it means it’s same throughout on a surface level, meaning it’s homogeneous.
How can you tell if its a compound or an element
If you can chemically separate the atoms of the thing it it’s a compound, if not, it’s an element.
Is sodium (Na) element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?
Element
Is oxygen gas (O2) an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?
El
Is a fruit salad an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?
Heterogenous mixture
Is apple juice an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?
Homogenous
Is air an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?
Compound
Is steam an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?
Compound
Are rice krispies an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?
Heterogenous
Is methane gas (CH2) element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?
Compound
Is Gold (Au) an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?
Element
Is vegetable soup an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?
Heterogenous
Is saltwater an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?
Homogenous
Compounds can or cannot be broken down into atoms?
Can
Elements can or cannot be broken down into atoms?
Cannot
How is an element different from a compound
Elements can’t be chemically separated, cuz 1 type of atom
How does matter break down
Splits twice. Pure substance and mixture. Splits 4x. Element and compound on the pure substance side. Homogenous and heterogenous on the mixture side.
What is the boiling point for water
100°C
What is density
The amount of matter per unit volume (mass over volume)
What is the formula for density
Mass over volume
What is a physical property
Physical properties that can be observed without forming a new substance
List the physical properties starting with s and d
Smell, solubility, state, density, and ductility
List the physical properties starting with h and m
Hardness, heat conductivity, malleability, melting point
Name 7 physical properties not starting with m, h, d, or s
Colour, texture, lustre, electronic conductivity, viscosity, boiling point
What is a chemical property
Chemical properties that a new substance forms from when it changes
Name chemical properties starting with a and f
Flammability, acidity, ability to rust, ability to oxidize
Name chemical properties starting with c and r
Reactivity to other materials, radioactivity, corrosivity, combustibility
Is boiling point chem or phys property
Physical
Is lustre chem or phys property
Physical
Is acid reaction chem or phys property
Chemical
Is conductivity chem or phys property
Physical
How many tell tale signs of chemical change are there
5
What are the 5 tell tale signs of chemical change
Colour change, heat or light emissions, gas bubble formation (not boiling point), precipitate forms in liquid, irreversible
Transition metals are:
Shiny and hard
Noble gases are:
Unreactive
Group seventeen contains the:
Halogens
The ______ _____ are in group 1
Alkali metals
The periodic table is organized into ____, _____, and _____
Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
Where are the metals typically found on the periodic table
Left of the staircase/center
What are 5.5 properties of metals
Dense, lustrous, malleable, have high melting points, and are great heat and electricity conductors
Where are the nonmetals
They are at the far right if the staircase
What are 4 properties of nonmetals
Dull, brittle, and poor conductors of electricity and heat
Where are metalloids
Directly on top (right side) of staircase
What are metalloid properties
They have the properties of both metal and nonmetals and are often used in computers (silicon)
What is the name of the chemist who created the first periodic table
Dimitri Mendeleev
Name 2 ways the periodic table is oraginzed
It’s oraginized into 18 groups, 7 periods, ordered by atomic mass, and families
4 major families?
Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, and noble gases
Groups on the periodic table have similar:
Physical and chemical properties
Groups on the periodic table have the same:
Number of valence electrons
Periods on the periodic table have the same:
Number of occupied electron shells
What group and what 2 properties do alkali metals have + 3 examples
Group 1, extremely reactive, easily combine. Sodium, Potassium, Cesium
Electron limit per shell?
2, 8, 8, 18
What group and what 2 properties do alkaline earth metals have + 3 examples
Group 2, very reactive but not as much as group 1, greyish, metallic, and good electricity conductors. Magnesium, Beryllium, Calcium
What group and what 2 properties do noble gases have + 3 examples
Group 18, maxed out valence electrons (stable) = –> unreactive. Helium, Neon, Argon
What group and what 2 properties do halogens have + 3 examples
Group 17, non-metallic, very reactive. Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine
What is the term for electrons in the outermost shell
Valence electrons
An atom with 1 more electron needed for maxed out shell is:
Very reactive and is likely to gain electrons to become stable
An atom with a singular valence electron is:
Very reactive and likely to lose electrons to stabilize