Big Chem Test Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
What is the central science
A
Chemistry
2
Q
What is matter
A
Anything that has mass and takes up space
3
Q
What is matter made up
A
Tiny particles called atoms and molecules
4
Q
What are the 3 main states of matter
A
Solid, Liquid, Gas
5
Q
A group of atoms bonded together is called?
A
A molecule
6
Q
Describe solid particles (movement & space)
A
Very little space between, vibrations are the only movement but ALWAYS moving. Do not take the shape of their container.
7
Q
Describe liquid (movement & space)
A
Loose space between particles. No defined shape and flow to fill the shape of their containers space.
8
Q
Describe gas (movement & space)
A
Spread apart space, move at a fast pace. Gas expands to fit its container no matter how large (or small), moving freely.
9
Q
What is mass
A
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object
10
Q
What is volume
A
Volume is the amount of space something occupies
11
Q
What are the 3 atoms
A
Protons (p+), Neutrons (n), Electrons (e-)
12
Q
Name the 5 parts of an atom
A
Orbit, Nucleus, Proton, Electron, Neutron
13
Q
What charge are protons (pos, neg, neu)
A
Positive (pro!)
14
Q
What charge are neutrons (pos, neg, neu)
A
Neutral! (neutr)
15
Q
What charge are electrons (pos, neg, neu)
A
Negative! (not pro or neutr)
16
Q
A ____ can flow slowly or quickly
A
Liquid
17
Q
Water will turn ____ when it is below 0°C
A
Solid
18
Q
What is it called when a solid becomes a liquid
A
Melting
19
Q
What is it called when a solid becomes a gas
A
Sublimation (dry ice)
20
Q
What is it called when a liquid becomes a solid
A
Freezing
21
Q
What is it called when a liquid becomes a gas
A
Evaporation
22
Q
What is it called when a gas becomes a liquid
A
Condensation
23
Q
What is it called when a gas becomes a solid
A
Deposition (frost)
24
Q
What is particle theory
A
It is an explanation of why matter, which is made of particles, behaves the way it does.
25
All matter is made up of tiny ____
Particles
26
Particles are always _____
Moving
27
There is ____ between all particles
Space
28
Adding heat makes particles move _____
Faster
29
All particles in a pure substance are the ____
Same (and different substances are made of different particles.)
30
How many major points of particle theory?
5
31
List the major points of particles theory
1. All matter is made up of tiny particles
2. Particles are always moving
3. There is space between all particles
4. Adding heat makes particles move faster
5. All particles in a pure substance are the same (different substances have different particles)
32
Where is the nucleus
In the center
33
Is the nucleus penetrable?
No ma'am.
34
What's inside the nucleus
Protons and Neutrons
35
Where are the protons in an atom
Inside the nucleus
36
Where are the neutrons in an atom
Inside the nucleus
37
Where are the electrons in an atom
Circulating on the orbit
38
Chlorine. What's the symbol?
Cl
39
Cl, What's the name?
Chlorine
40
Chlorine - 17, 35. What's the atomic number?
17, it's always the smaller one
41
Chlorine - 17, 35. What's the atomic mass?
35, it's always the bigger number
42
How do you use math to find the amount of neutrons in an atom?
Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass
43
How do you figure out the amount of electrons or protons in an atom?
Look at the atomic number
44
What does the atomic number represent?
The protons or electrons
45
What does the atomic mass represent
# of protons + # of neutrons
46
How many man made elements are there?
26
47
How many natural elements are there?
92
48
How many groups are there?
18
49
Matter can either be a _____ or a ______
Pure substance, mixture
50
Pure substances can be _____ or _____
Elements, compounds
51
What are mixtures
They are a type of substance that contains 2 or more different particles mixed together. (They can be separated)
52
What are the 2 types of mixtures (at a molecular level)
Homogenous and Heterogeneous
53
What are the 2 types of pure substances? (At a molecular level)
Elements and compounds
54
What is a pure substance
A pure substances contains one type of particle throughout, either element or compound (water or coffee)
55
What is an element
An element is a substance that has one kind of atom (like Au [Gold] or Ne [Neon])
56
What is a compound
Compounds are substances that are made up of 2 or more elements (H20 [Water] or NaCl [Sodium Chloride])
57
How do you read chemical symbols
Identify the element and see if there is a number at the right side of it. If there is none there is only one of that element.
E.g. CH3COOH (vinegar) is made up of 2 Carbon, 4 Hydrogen, and 2 Oxygen
Or
H2O is 2 hydrogen and 1 Oxygen. NaCl is 1 Sodium and 1 Chlorine atom
58
Heterogenous mixtures are also called:
Mechanical mixtures
59
Homogenous mixtures are also called:
Solutions
60
A heterogeneous mixture is:
A mixture that is visibly not uniform throughout (chocolate chip cookies, soil, or dirty water)
61
Hetero means
Different
62
Homo means
Same
63
Homogenous mixtures are:
A combination of 2 or more pure substances, visibly the same throughout
64
How do you differentiate between a homo or hetero-geneous mixture?
If you can you separate it physically it's heterogenous.
If you can't separate it physically it means it's same throughout on a surface level, meaning it's homogeneous.
65
How can you tell if its a compound or an element
If you can chemically separate the atoms of the thing it it's a compound, if not, it's an element.
66
Is sodium (Na) element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?
Element
67
Is oxygen gas (O2) an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?
El
68
Is a fruit salad an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?
Heterogenous mixture
69
Is apple juice an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?
Homogenous
70
Is air an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?
Compound
71
Is steam an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?
Compound
72
Are rice krispies an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?
Heterogenous
73
Is methane gas (CH2) element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?
Compound
74
Is Gold (Au) an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?
Element
75
Is vegetable soup an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?
Heterogenous
76
Is saltwater an element, compound, homogeneous, or heterogenous mixture?
Homogenous
77
Compounds can or cannot be broken down into atoms?
Can
78
Elements can or cannot be broken down into atoms?
Cannot
79
How is an element different from a compound
Elements can't be chemically separated, cuz 1 type of atom
80
How does matter break down
Splits twice. Pure substance and mixture. Splits 4x. Element and compound on the pure substance side. Homogenous and heterogenous on the mixture side.
81
What is the boiling point for water
100°C
82
What is density
The amount of matter per unit volume (mass over volume)
83
What is the formula for density
Mass over volume
84
What is a physical property
Physical properties that can be observed without forming a new substance
85
List the physical properties starting with s and d
Smell, solubility, state, density, and ductility
86
List the physical properties starting with h and m
Hardness, heat conductivity, malleability, melting point
87
Name 7 physical properties not starting with m, h, d, or s
Colour, texture, lustre, electronic conductivity, viscosity, boiling point
88
What is a chemical property
Chemical properties that a new substance forms from when it changes
89
Name chemical properties starting with a and f
Flammability, acidity, ability to rust, ability to oxidize
90
Name chemical properties starting with c and r
Reactivity to other materials, radioactivity, corrosivity, combustibility
91
Is boiling point chem or phys property
Physical
92
Is lustre chem or phys property
Physical
93
Is acid reaction chem or phys property
Chemical
94
Is conductivity chem or phys property
Physical
95
How many tell tale signs of chemical change are there
5
96
What are the 5 tell tale signs of chemical change
Colour change, heat or light emissions, gas bubble formation (not boiling point), precipitate forms in liquid, irreversible
97
Transition metals are:
Shiny and hard
98
Noble gases are:
Unreactive
99
Group seventeen contains the:
Halogens
100
The ______ _____ are in group 1
Alkali metals
101
The periodic table is organized into ____, _____, and _____
Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
102
Where are the metals typically found on the periodic table
Left of the staircase/center
103
What are 5.5 properties of metals
Dense, lustrous, malleable, have high melting points, and are great heat and electricity conductors
104
Where are the nonmetals
They are at the far right if the staircase
105
What are 4 properties of nonmetals
Dull, brittle, and poor conductors of electricity and heat
106
Where are metalloids
Directly on top (right side) of staircase
107
What are metalloid properties
They have the properties of both metal and nonmetals and are often used in computers (silicon)
108
What is the name of the chemist who created the first periodic table
Dimitri Mendeleev
109
Name 2 ways the periodic table is oraginzed
It's oraginized into 18 groups, 7 periods, ordered by atomic mass, and families
110
4 major families?
Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, and noble gases
111
Groups on the periodic table have similar:
Physical and chemical properties
112
Groups on the periodic table have the same:
Number of valence electrons
113
Periods on the periodic table have the same:
Number of occupied electron shells
114
What group and what 2 properties do alkali metals have + 3 examples
Group 1, extremely reactive, easily combine. Sodium, Potassium, Cesium
115
Electron limit per shell?
2, 8, 8, 18
116
What group and what 2 properties do alkaline earth metals have + 3 examples
Group 2, very reactive but not as much as group 1, greyish, metallic, and good electricity conductors. Magnesium, Beryllium, Calcium
117
What group and what 2 properties do noble gases have + 3 examples
Group 18, maxed out valence electrons (stable) = --> unreactive. Helium, Neon, Argon
118
What group and what 2 properties do halogens have + 3 examples
Group 17, non-metallic, very reactive. Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine
119
What is the term for electrons in the outermost shell
Valence electrons
120
An atom with 1 more electron needed for maxed out shell is:
Very reactive and is likely to gain electrons to become stable
121
An atom with a singular valence electron is:
Very reactive and likely to lose electrons to stabilize
