Bible Flashcards by Alysha Figuera

 Written by and for believers

 An encounter with and experience of God

Bible

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means papyrus

Byblos

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means scroll, book

Biblion

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Later on, people discovered that sheets of papyrus can be put on top of each other, folded in
the middle, and bound, resulting in an easy-to-use book called

codex

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Latin-speaking Christians then borrowed this term but treated it as a singular noun

biblia

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plural of biblion

biblia

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used the term bibliotheca divina

st. jerome

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divine library

bibliotheca divina

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“Ignorance of Scripture is ignorance of Christ.”

St. Jerome, Doctor of the Church

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“The new is in the old concealed, the old is in the new revealed.”

St. Augustine

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a solemn agreement between God and Israel fulfilled and universalized by Jesus Christ

“Testament” (Covenant)

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CATEGORY OF: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy

Most sacred books of the old testament

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CATEGORY OF: Matthew, Mark, Luke, John

Most sacred books of the new testament

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CATEGORY OF: 
Joshua, Judges,
Ruth, 1 &amp; 2 Samuel, 1 &amp; 2 Kings, 1 &amp; 2 Chronicles, Ezra,
Nehemiah, Tobit,
Judith, Esther,
1 &amp; 2 Maccabees

Historical Narratives of the old testament

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CATEGORY OF: 
Job, Psalms,
Proverbs,
Ecclesiastes,
Song of Solomon,
Wisdom, Sirach

Wisdom and Poetry of the old testament

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CATEGORY OF: Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi, Baruch

Prophecy of the old testament

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CATEGORY OF: Acts of the Apostles

Historical Narratives of the new testament

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CATEGORY OF:
Romans, 1 & 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 & 2 Thessalonians, 1 & 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon, Hebrews, James, 1 & 2 Peter,
1, 2, & 3 John, Jude

Wisdom and Poetry of the new testament

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CATEGORY OF: Revelation

Prophecy of the new testament

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divided the books of the Bible into chapters

Archbishop Stephen Langton on Canterbury (1226)

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divided the chapters of the Bible into verses

French printer, Robert Estienne (Stephanus) (1551)

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active and dynamic influence of the Holy Spirit to the human authors of the bible, thus enabling them to write down what God wants them to

Inspiration

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The Holy Spirit is the principal cause of the Bible, and

the human person is the instrumental cause

Principle of Causality (Thomas Aquinas)

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Inspiration is supernatural influence and assistance

Providentissimus Deus (Pope Leo XIII)

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Formation of Sacred Scriptures

1. Actual Events 2. Oral Tradition 3. Writing of Scriptures

the condition or state of a book after having passed the standards for determining divine inspiration, hence being declared as canonical

Canonicity

the Church’s official recognition that a book is inspired

Canonization

the official list of inspired books

Canon of the Scripture

earliest known Catholic canon

Damascene List in 382

our standards of faith and morality

Canonical Books

Criteria for Canonicity | Old Testament

Prophetic origin Coherence with the Torah Constant use in the Liturgy Language (originally Hebrew and Greek)

Criteria for Canonicity | New Testament

Apostolic origin Coherence with the essential Gospel message Constant use in the Liturgy

means veiled or secret

“Apocrypha”

 DID NOT pass the CRITERIA FOR CANONICITY  The Church DID NOT sense their INSPIRATION  May have been used sporadically by SCATTERED GROUPS  DID NOT have APOSTOLIC GUARANTEE  Contents are either HERETICAL or IRRELEVANT  Since these books are of doubtful authority, they cannot be used as STANDARDS of faith and morality

Apocryphal Writings

Examples of Apocryphal Writings

Gospel of Judas, Gospel of Thomas, Gospel of Mary Magdalene

Two types of Apocryphal Writings

The Gnostic Gospels & those that narrate pious stories about Jesus and the Virgin Mary

Those that contain heretical doctrines

The Gnostic Gospels

generally in agreement with Church teaching. Written to meet the demands of popular piety (tradition)

those that narrate pious stories about Jesus and the Virgin Mary

Examples of The Gnostic Gospels

Gospel of Philip Gospel of Mary Gospel of Judas

Examples of narrate pious stories about Jesus and the Virgin Mary

``` Infancy Gospel of James Pseudo Matthew Infancy Gospel The Nativity of Mary Pseudo Gospel of Thomas ```

Senses of the Scripture

1. Literal Sense 2. Allegorical Sense 3. Moral Sense 4. Anagogical Sense

It is the meaning the human author of the text directly intended to convey to his audience.

1. Literal Sense

o Consist of Patterns and Parallelism o We can acquire a more profound understanding of events by recognizing their significance in Christ

2. Allegorical Sense

Example of Allegorical Sense

the crossing of the Red Sea is a sign or type of Christ's victory and also of Christian Baptism

The events reported in Scripture ought to lead us to act justly. As St. Paul says, they were written "for our instruction".

3. Moral Sense

Example of Moral Sense

1 Corinthians 11:20-34

We can view realities and events in terms of their eternal significance, leading us toward our true homeland: thus the Church on earth is a sign of the heavenly Jerusalem.

4. Anagogical Sense

Interpretation of the Bible: Exegesis (drawing meaning from the text)

 Interpretation must be coherent with tradition of the Church.  Consider the historical character of Biblical Revelation.  It must be interpreted to the needs of its readers today.  It must be interpreted in relation to Christ, to the whole Scripture and the Church.

Books in Roman Catholic Bible

73 (72) BOOKS  46 Books in the Old Testament (45 if Jeremiah and Lamentations are counted as one)  27 Books in the New Testament

Books in Non-Catholic Bible

66 BOOKS  39 Books in the Old Testament  27 Books in the New Testament

Books not included in non-Catholic bibles:

Judith, Tobit, 1 and 2 Maccabees, Baruch, Wisdom, Sirach

These refers to the second set of | canonical books, or “secondly canonized books.”

The Deuterocanonicals

The word “Deuterocanonical” literally means:

“second canon.”

Reason for the difference of Books not included in non-Catholic bibles:

Catholics think of these books as inspired, or equal inspiration as the Protocanonicals, having passed the same standards. During the Council of Trent, before the Catholic Church finally closed the Canon (which means from then on, no other books will be added to the bible). Martin Luther: We must follow the decision of the Jews at Jamnia. * The Jews at Jamnia only wanted to include those Old Testament Texts written in Hebrew by the Jewish writers in Palestine. There were other Old Testament texts written in Greek by the Jews in diaspora. Council of Trent: NO! We must follow our APOSTOLIC TRADITION. The Bible known to our LORD and to the Apostles was the SEPTUAGINT (Greek Bible).

Reasons for Writing Old Testament

 To preserve oral traditions  To constantly remind the people of the covenant  For proclamation in the Liturgy

Reasons for Writing New Testament

 To preserve the memory of Jesus since the eyewitnesses of Jesus were already dying either of old age or persecution  To serve as norm for teaching and preaching  For proclamation in the Liturgy

The Bible is neither a history nor a science textbook. | The Bible contains error but teaches no error. It teaches only the SAVING TRUTH.

The Bible is inerrant

According to Dei Verbum, here are | some of the effects of Divine Inspiration:

```  It gives us the revelation of God  It is final and definitive  It is one integral whole  It is sacramental  It moves us to live as God wants us to  It contains only the truth  It enables the Church to recognize its divine influence ```

the Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation (Vatican II)

Dei Verbum

The Bible is an event of community.

```  Narratives  Genealogies  Laws  Prophetic oracles  Poetry  Epistles  Drama  Apocalypses  Sayings  Biographical sketches ```

Catholic writes a book on faith, morals, theology, liturgy, books on prayer, editions of Sacred Scripture, etc., he will submit his manuscript to his diocese's Censor Librorum. What happens after?

If the Censor finds no problem with it, he will give it his stamp, which reads "Nihil Obstat," or "nothing hinders." He then sends it to the Bishop for his review. If the Bishop finds nothing objectionable, he gives the book his "Imprimatur" which means, "let it be printed."

If the Catholic writing the book is a member of a religious order, the manuscript is first sent to his religious superior before it is sent to the

Censor and Bishop

If the religious superior finds no | impediment to publication, he will give the book his stamp of "Imprimi Potest," which means

"it may be printed."

The bible is..

The Bible is a faith book. | The Bible is an event of community.