Biases

Question 1

What is a cognitive bias?

Answer 1

This is when the audience tends to be misled in some way

Question 2

Define confirmation bias

Answer 2

This is our tendency to count evidence that supports what we already believe too heavily and to underestimate the strength of evidence against what we already believe.

Question 3

Give an example of a confirmation bias

Answer 3

Your are more likely to be skeptical about one of the claims:
“electric cars significantly reduce pollution and CO2 emissions but demand for the materials also drives demand for mining” depending on your existing views on electric cars

Question 4

Is confirmation an issue for both inductive and deductive arguments?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Define availability bias

Answer 5

This is our tendency to rely too strongly on reasons or evidence that is easily accessible. We tend to overvalue our own experience and undervalue how difficult the problem may be.

Question 6

What is the anchoring effect?

Answer 6

This occurs when we overweigh the first pice of evidence and treat it as a comparison point for the following pieces of evidence.

Question 7

Define projection bias

Answer 7

This is our tendency to assume that other people share our conclusions, values and would reason like we do.

Question 8

Define negativity bias

Answer 8

This is when upsetting or scary information seems to catch our attention and is harder to forget

Question 9

What is the bandwagon effect?

Answer 9

This is both a fallacy and a cognitive bias. It refers to our tendency to believe things because other people believe them