Bias and racisim

Question 1

Cognitive Bias

Answer 1

Flaw in thinking that affects the decisions and judgment people make
→ We create our own (subjective) bias

Question 2

How to work around confirmation bias

Answer 2

1. Recognize
2. Consider
3. Research

Question 3

Anchoring bias

Answer 3

Relying too much on the first piece of information you learn or hear.

EX) Purchasing items, curfew, TV, doctor’s diagnosis

Question 4

Blind-Spot bias

Answer 4

Recognize bias in others, but failing to recognize it in yourself (usually subconscious)
→ Distortion of reality
→Overlook what is actually happening

Question 5

Confirmation bias

Answer 5

Listing to and trusting only information that confirms your beliefs (seeking information you agree with or that validates feeling/belief)

EX) Fake news, Facebook (blocking others), social media, sports teams

Question 6

Negative bias

Answer 6

Focusing on negative experiences over neutral or positive ones.

EX) Politicians blaming opponents, recalling insults more than praise, arguments with partner

Question 7

Outcome bias

Answer 7

Judging or evaluating a decision bases solely on the outcome

EX) Little brother/sister skateboarding; investing in stocks/real estate

Question 8

Disinformation

Answer 8

On purpose

Question 9

Misinformation

Answer 9

Misunderstanding

Question 10

Marginalized groups

Answer 10

People who experience social, economic, and/or political exclusion/discrimination

Question 11

Microaggression

Answer 11

Indirect, subtle, or unintentional statement/act directed towards marginalized individuals/groups

Question 12

In-group

Answer 12

Us / in-group bias (favorable to our group)

Question 13

Out-group

Answer 13

Them / Out-group homogeneity bias (out-group is all the same) / Other-race effect/own-race bias

Question 14

Ethnocentrism

Answer 14

Inherent superiority of your own group

Question 15

Stereotypes

Answer 15

widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group

Question 16

Prejudice

Answer 16

Negative feelings, attitudes, or emotions toward members of a group

• Cognitive (beliefs)

Question 17

Discrimination

Answer 17

Behaving differently (usually unfairly) toward the members of a group

• Behavioral (actions)

Question 18

Institutionalized discrimination

Answer 18

Discrimination that exists at the institutional level (schools, government, businesses) and determines who gets access to different opportunities in society

Question 19

Scapegoat theory

Answer 19

Blaming someone else, which typically is the result of prejudices towards the person or group

Question 20

Intervention

Answer 20

25% say someone helped

79% say that it helps when someone is an upstander

Question 21

Distract

Answer 21

Drop something/create commotion, start conversation (unrelated) with person being harassed

Question 22

Direct

Answer 22

• Speak up about harassment or disrespectful behavior
• State behavior (racist) or observed (she looks uncomfortable)
• Ask clarifying questions → What do you mean by…

Question 23

Document

Answer 23

Photo, video (turn phone sideways, hold still, detail date, time, location and situation)

Question 24

Delegate

Answer 24

Ask someone else for help (call police, notify business owner, someone next to you, etc.)

Question 25

Delay

Answer 25

Check in w/person experiencing conflict; “I saw that, are you ok?”; “What do you need?”; “Can I sit with you?”; “Can I accompany you?”