bias

Question 1

publication

Answer 1

minimise by- non-english, unpublished and broad literature search

Question 2

hawthorne

Answer 2

better performance when observed

Question 3

halo effect

Answer 3

researcher’s perception influenced by the perception about one aspect of a participant

Question 4

obsequiousness bias

Answer 4

patient “collaborates” with researcher to give answers they think the researcher wants

Question 5

rumination bias

Answer 5

recall bias- presence of disease influences perception of its causes

Question 6

protopathic bias

Answer 6

exposure influenced by early stages of disease

Question 7

referral

Answer 7

missing some of the disease cohort (CC studies) through referral pathways

Question 8

spectrum

Answer 8

only finding mild disease

Question 9

detection

Answer 9

sensitivity of detection tool

Question 10

non-respondent

Answer 10

surveys

Question 11

membership

Answer 11

electoral role etc

Question 12

berkson’s

Answer 12

controls selected from hospital

Question 13

ecological fallacy

Answer 13

apply results from an ecological study to another population

Question 14

Neyman’s

Answer 14

incidence-prevalence- very sick or very well excluded

Question 15

exposure suspicion bias

Answer 15

investigator should be blinded to outcome status

Question 16

recall bias

Answer 16

search for meaning

Question 17

bias to middle and extremes

Answer 17

in likert scales

Question 18

confounding bias

Answer 18

regression analysis- linear (continuous) log (dichotomous) poisson (time between rare events) cox (survival curves)

Question 19

Tower of Babel bias

Answer 19

studies conducted in non-English speaking countries being more likely to be published in English language journals if the results are positive, than those with negative results which are then published in non-English language journals.