Bi Sci Exam 1 Flashcards
Define homeostasis
A property of cells, tissues, and organisms that allows the maintenance and regulation of the stability and constancy needed to function properly.
Give 4 examples of homeostasis in you
Temperature, glucose, blood pressure, pulse
Define tropism
the turning of all or part of an organism in a particular direction in response to an external stimulus. (plant movement)
Give 4 examples of tropism
phototropism-light
geotropism-gravity -+
chemotropism- nutrients
hydrotropism-water
list in order the organization in you starting with cell and id each
Atoms-Elements-Molecules-Cells(basic unit)-tissues(groups of cells preforming a function)-Organs-Organ system-Organism(individual)
List the organic molecules of life with makeup (use chem. symbol)
CHNOPS- Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, sulfur
list the types of carbohydrates-give 3 examples of each
- ) monosaccharide - glucose
- ) disaccharide- sucrose
- ) polysaccharide- cellulose
Give the 4 structures(shape) of proteins-describe or illustrate
- ) primary- linear
- ) Secondary- helix
- ) Tertiary- folded helix
- ) quaternary- linking the folded helix
List the 4 types of lipids in you
- ) neutral fats
- ) phospholipid
- ) wax
- ) cholesterol
Describe the makeup of ATP with its function (illustrate equation)
Adenosine triphosphate, is basically energy within cells. ATP stores and transports energy in the cells, usually in the mitochondria. Energy is released by hydrolysis (carbohydrates being broken down into sugar molecules), which eventually results in forming ADP (adenosine diphosphate) that absorbs the energy and recharges the phosphate group and ATP.
Describe the makeup of DNA (illustrate)
It is a right handed double helix. It is made up of nucleotides that are bound to eachother by phosphodiester bonds. It consists of a phosphorous group, and deoxyribose sugar, and a base (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine)
Characteristics of life
- ) reproduction:asexual, sexual
- ) metabolism
- ) respiration
- ) nutrients
- ) growth
- ) development
- ) homeostasis
- ) irritability
- ) adapt
- ) movement
- ) composed of cells
- ) organized
Scientific Process
Problem Research Hypothesis- guess Experiment- control,experimental Conclusion- FACT: proven true statement
Bio theories
All living things are composed of cells. Life produces life. characteristics are passed through genes, change in gene pool creates evolution
Taxonomy organization of life
is a method of scientific taxonomy used to group and categorize organisms hierarchically.
Classification scheme and examples-kingdoms
DKPCOFGS
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
Define matter
Anything that takes up space and has mass
Define element
a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler components by any non-nuclear chemical reaction.
Define atom
has a nucleus and an electron cloud, the basic unit of a chemical element.
Define compound
a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture.
Define atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.
Define atomic mass
the mass of an atom of a chemical element expressed in atomic mass units.
Define isotope
each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei
Define periodic table charge
electrons have a charge of -1 while protons have a charge of +1.
Define radioisotope ex:chem bonding
radioactive isotope
Define octet rule
a chemical rule of thumb that states that atoms of main-group elements tend to combine in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell.
Define ion
an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
Facts and properties of water
1.) Water is the most abundant molecule of life
2.) You’re composed of 67 percent of water
3.) Water is the most common liquid on earth 3/4’s earth surface
4.) H cold between the water molecules-unique characteristics-water expands when frozen
5.) Surface tension-cohesion-attraction of like
Adhesion-Attraction of different
6.) capillary action:movement of water up through a material
7.) imbibition- swelling of seeds- germination-sprouting of seed
8.) specific heat
9.) high heat of vaporization
10.) high heat of fusion
11.) water is the universal solvent
12.) dissociation of ionic materials
13.) pH-potention hydrogen
14.) water cycle
Polar
has a net dipole as a result of the opposing charges (i.e. having partial positive and partial negative charges) from polar bonds arranged asymmetrically. EX: water
H bond
is the electrostatic attraction between polar molecules that occurs when a hydrogen (H) atom bound to a highly electronegative atom such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O) or fluorine (F) experiences attraction to some other nearby highly electronegative atom.
surface tension capillarity
movement of water up through a material (cohesion-adhesion)
imbibition
swelling of seeds
specific heat
the amount of energy to raise a given quantity of matter a given temperature
calorie
amount of energy to raise 1 gram of water 1 degrees celsius
temperature
- Average kinetic energy
1. ) Kelvin
2. ) Fahrenheit
3. ) Celsius
heat
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heat of vaporization
liquid goes to a gas (cooling earth)
heat of fusion
liquid goes to a solid (warming the environment)
pH
potential hydrogen 7=neutral ours is 7.4- anything less than 7 is acidic anything higher than 7 is basic
solvent
is a substance that dissolves a solute (a chemically different liquid, solid or gas), resulting in a solution.
4 degrees celsius
most dense
0 degrees celsius
temperature at which water freezes
100 degrees celsius
temperature at which water boils
ionization of h20
reaction in pure water or an aqueous solution, in which a water molecule, H2O, deprotonates (loses the nucleus of one of its hydrogen atoms) to become a hydroxide ion, OH−.
germination
is the process by which a plant grows from a seed. The most common example of germination is the sprouting of a seedling from a seed of an angiosperm or gymnosperm.
hydrophobic
water fearing
hydrophilic
water loving
pH scale H+
sprouting of seed
pH of 7
neutral
hydrocarbons
made by living organisms, used by man 1C: Methane-natural gas (fart) 3C: propane- grill 4C: butane: lighterfluid 8C: octane
carbohydrates makeup and function give examples
Functions: gives energy and structural. Types: monosaccharide,disaccharide, & polysaccharide
lipids - types and functions give examples
- Neutral fats- saturated,unsaturated,transfats, hydrogenated fat, omega 3,triglyceride
- phospholipid-
- wax-ear wax
- cholesterol- steroids
proteins- functions give examples
CHONS Functions: 1. movement 2. shape 3. support 4. production of heat 5. enzymes 6. hormones
nucleotides- types and functions give examples
CHONP
DNA
RNA
ATP
condensation(dehydration) synthesis
is a chemical reaction in which two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, together with the loss of a small molecule.
hydrolysis
a reaction involving the breaking of a bond in a molecule using water. (adding water)
Types of proteins:
- Primary: linear
- Secondary: helix
- tertiary: folded helix
- Quaternary: linking the folded helix
