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bi sci exam 1 > Bi Sci Exam 1 > Flashcards

Bi Sci Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define homeostasis

A

A property of cells, tissues, and organisms that allows the maintenance and regulation of the stability and constancy needed to function properly.

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2
Q

Give 4 examples of homeostasis in you

A

Temperature, glucose, blood pressure, pulse

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3
Q

Define tropism

A

the turning of all or part of an organism in a particular direction in response to an external stimulus. (plant movement)

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4
Q

Give 4 examples of tropism

A

phototropism-light
geotropism-gravity -+
chemotropism- nutrients
hydrotropism-water

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5
Q

list in order the organization in you starting with cell and id each

A

Atoms-Elements-Molecules-Cells(basic unit)-tissues(groups of cells preforming a function)-Organs-Organ system-Organism(individual)

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6
Q

List the organic molecules of life with makeup (use chem. symbol)

A

CHNOPS- Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, sulfur

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7
Q

list the types of carbohydrates-give 3 examples of each

A
  1. ) monosaccharide - glucose
  2. ) disaccharide- sucrose
  3. ) polysaccharide- cellulose
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8
Q

Give the 4 structures(shape) of proteins-describe or illustrate

A
  1. ) primary- linear
  2. ) Secondary- helix
  3. ) Tertiary- folded helix
  4. ) quaternary- linking the folded helix
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9
Q

List the 4 types of lipids in you

A
  1. ) neutral fats
  2. ) phospholipid
  3. ) wax
  4. ) cholesterol
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10
Q

Describe the makeup of ATP with its function (illustrate equation)

A

Adenosine triphosphate, is basically energy within cells. ATP stores and transports energy in the cells, usually in the mitochondria. Energy is released by hydrolysis (carbohydrates being broken down into sugar molecules), which eventually results in forming ADP (adenosine diphosphate) that absorbs the energy and recharges the phosphate group and ATP.

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11
Q

Describe the makeup of DNA (illustrate)

A

It is a right handed double helix. It is made up of nucleotides that are bound to eachother by phosphodiester bonds. It consists of a phosphorous group, and deoxyribose sugar, and a base (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine)

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12
Q

Characteristics of life

A
  1. ) reproduction:asexual, sexual
  2. ) metabolism
  3. ) respiration
  4. ) nutrients
  5. ) growth
  6. ) development
  7. ) homeostasis
  8. ) irritability
  9. ) adapt
  10. ) movement
  11. ) composed of cells
  12. ) organized
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13
Q

Scientific Process

A 
Problem
Research
Hypothesis- guess
Experiment- control,experimental
Conclusion- FACT: proven true statement
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14
Q

Bio theories

A

All living things are composed of cells. Life produces life. characteristics are passed through genes, change in gene pool creates evolution

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15
Q

Taxonomy organization of life

A

is a method of scientific taxonomy used to group and categorize organisms hierarchically.

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16
Q

Classification scheme and examples-kingdoms

A

DKPCOFGS

  • Domain
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
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17
Q

Define matter

A

Anything that takes up space and has mass

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18
Q

Define element

A

a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler components by any non-nuclear chemical reaction.

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19
Q

Define atom

A

has a nucleus and an electron cloud, the basic unit of a chemical element.

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20
Q

Define compound

A

a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture.

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21
Q

Define atomic number

A

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.

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22
Q

Define atomic mass

A

the mass of an atom of a chemical element expressed in atomic mass units.

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23
Q

Define isotope

A

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei

24
Q

Define periodic table charge

A

electrons have a charge of -1 while protons have a charge of +1.

25
Q

Define radioisotope ex:chem bonding

A

radioactive isotope

26
Q

Define octet rule

A

a chemical rule of thumb that states that atoms of main-group elements tend to combine in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell.

27
Q

Define ion

A

an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

28
Q

Facts and properties of water

A

1.) Water is the most abundant molecule of life
2.) You’re composed of 67 percent of water
3.) Water is the most common liquid on earth 3/4’s earth surface
4.) H cold between the water molecules-unique characteristics-water expands when frozen
5.) Surface tension-cohesion-attraction of like
Adhesion-Attraction of different
6.) capillary action:movement of water up through a material
7.) imbibition- swelling of seeds- germination-sprouting of seed
8.) specific heat
9.) high heat of vaporization
10.) high heat of fusion
11.) water is the universal solvent
12.) dissociation of ionic materials
13.) pH-potention hydrogen
14.) water cycle

29
Q

Polar

A

has a net dipole as a result of the opposing charges (i.e. having partial positive and partial negative charges) from polar bonds arranged asymmetrically. EX: water

30
Q

H bond

A

is the electrostatic attraction between polar molecules that occurs when a hydrogen (H) atom bound to a highly electronegative atom such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O) or fluorine (F) experiences attraction to some other nearby highly electronegative atom.

31
Q

surface tension capillarity

A

movement of water up through a material (cohesion-adhesion)

32
Q

imbibition

A

swelling of seeds

33
Q

specific heat

A

the amount of energy to raise a given quantity of matter a given temperature

34
Q

calorie

A

amount of energy to raise 1 gram of water 1 degrees celsius

35
Q

temperature

A
  • Average kinetic energy
    1. ) Kelvin
    2. ) Fahrenheit
    3. ) Celsius
36
Q

heat

A

rtcyivgjlh

37
Q

heat of vaporization

A

liquid goes to a gas (cooling earth)

38
Q

heat of fusion

A

liquid goes to a solid (warming the environment)

39
Q

pH

A

potential hydrogen 7=neutral ours is 7.4- anything less than 7 is acidic anything higher than 7 is basic

40
Q

solvent

A

is a substance that dissolves a solute (a chemically different liquid, solid or gas), resulting in a solution.

41
Q

4 degrees celsius

A

most dense

42
Q

0 degrees celsius

A

temperature at which water freezes

43
Q

100 degrees celsius

A

temperature at which water boils

44
Q

ionization of h20

A

reaction in pure water or an aqueous solution, in which a water molecule, H2O, deprotonates (loses the nucleus of one of its hydrogen atoms) to become a hydroxide ion, OH−.

45
Q

germination

A

is the process by which a plant grows from a seed. The most common example of germination is the sprouting of a seedling from a seed of an angiosperm or gymnosperm.

46
Q

hydrophobic

A

water fearing

47
Q

hydrophilic

A

water loving

48
Q

pH scale H+

A

sprouting of seed

49
Q

pH of 7

A

neutral

50
Q

hydrocarbons

A 
made by living organisms, used by man 
1C: Methane-natural gas (fart)
3C: propane- grill
4C: butane: lighterfluid
8C: octane
51
Q

carbohydrates makeup and function give examples

A

Functions: gives energy and structural. Types: monosaccharide,disaccharide, & polysaccharide

52
Q

lipids - types and functions give examples

A
  1. Neutral fats- saturated,unsaturated,transfats, hydrogenated fat, omega 3,triglyceride
  2. phospholipid-
  3. wax-ear wax
  4. cholesterol- steroids
53
Q

proteins- functions give examples

A 
CHONS
Functions:
1. movement
2. shape
3. support
4. production of heat
5. enzymes 
6. hormones
54
Q

nucleotides- types and functions give examples

A

CHONP
DNA
RNA
ATP

55
Q

condensation(dehydration) synthesis

A

is a chemical reaction in which two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, together with the loss of a small molecule.

56
Q

hydrolysis

A

a reaction involving the breaking of a bond in a molecule using water. (adding water)

57
Q

Types of proteins:

A
  1. Primary: linear
  2. Secondary: helix
  3. tertiary: folded helix
  4. Quaternary: linking the folded helix

bi sci exam 1 (1 decks)

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