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Behavioral health > BH Pathologies > Flashcards

BH Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

Physical manifestations of anxiety

A 
Fatigue
Restlessness
Sleep disturbance
Muscle tension 
Difficulty concentrating
Irritability
Shakiness
HA
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2
Q

GAD is excessive anxiety/worry for a majority of days over the course of at least ___ month(s)

A

6

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3
Q

1st line tx of GAD

A

SSRIs

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4
Q

What medication can be added to augment GAD tx?

A

Buspirone

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5
Q

What is arguably the best tx for anxiety (best tx for kids!)

A

CBT

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6
Q

Difference b/w anxiety and panic disorder

A

Anxiety is chronic, insidious, low level + constant

Panic disorder is acute, overt, and catastrophic

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7
Q

Patient attacks consist of at least 4 symptoms of sympathetic system overdrive which affects what 6 bodily systems

A 
Cardiac
Pulmonary 
GI
Neuro
Psychology
Autonomic
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8
Q

Define panic attack

A

Abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes

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9
Q

13 sx of panic disorder

A 
*STUDENTS PANIC*
SOB
Trembling 
Unsteady 
Depersonalize
Excessive HR
Numbness
Tingling 
Sweating 
Palpitations
Abd pain 
Nausea
Intense fear (of dying, losing control) 
Chest pain
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10
Q

1st line tx for panic disorder maintenance? What can you use to tx panic disorders before the 1st line tx takes affect?

A

Maintenance: SSRI (+ CBT = best tx)
Bridge: BZDs (hydroxyzine?)

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11
Q

What other anxiety disorder is closely associated with panic disorder?

A

Agoraphobia

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12
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A

Type of anxiety disorder characterized by fear fear and avoidance of places and situations that might cause feelings of panic, entrapment, helplessness, or embarrassment x 6 mo!!!

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13
Q

What age group(s) do phobias usually affect?

A

Bimodal distribution: childhood, mid-20s

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14
Q

Define phobia

A

Fear OUT OF PROPORTION to real danger (usually assoc. w/ active avoidance of object/situation = impaired ADLs)

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15
Q

How long do sx have to occur in order to diagnose a phobia?

A

6 months

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16
Q

1st line treatment for specific phobias

A

Exposure therapy (BZDs and bblocker appropriate for acute disorders)

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17
Q

What medication can be used to treat social phobia in an “on demand” setting?

A

Beta blocker (propranolol)

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18
Q

What is the most common mental health problem in the US?

A

Anxiety disorders

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19
Q

Generally, what percent of patients with anxiety have a somatic complaint?

A

90%

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20
Q

Generally, what percent of patients with panic disorder have another comorbid psychiatric condition?

A

90%

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21
Q

What defines the diagnosis of panic disorder vs. panic attack?

A

Attacks are recurrent + unexpected and are followed by at least 1 month of….[concern for future attack], [worry about losing control], [change in behavior r/t attacks]

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22
Q

Diagnostic criteria for agoraphobia

A

At least 2 of the following…

  • Use of public transportation
  • Being in open OR enclosed spaces
  • Standing in line or being in a crowd
  • Being outside of the home alone
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23
Q

Anxiety and worry assoc. w/ GAD is associated with at least 3 of the following additional sx

A
  • Restlessness
  • Easy fatiguability
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Irritability
  • Muscle tension
  • Sleep disturbance
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24
Q

Acute stress disorder is the short version of what other psychological disorder?

A

PTSD

25
Q

What separates acute stress disorder and PTSD?

A 
<1mo = acute stress disorder (>3 days) 
>1mo = PTSD
26
Q

What are some situations that lead to acute stress disorder/PTSD?

A

Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violations

27
Q

Acute stress disorder/PTSD clinical manifestations

A

Presence of at least 9 sx from any of the following categories:

  • Intrusion sx
  • Negative mood
  • Dissociative sx
  • Avoidance sx
  • Arousal sx
28
Q

T or F: people can only experience PTSD if they experience an event themselves

A

FALSE

PTSD can result from experiencing, witnessing, or learning of a traumatic event

29
Q

What are intrusion sx? (assoc. w/ panic disorder)

A

Memories, flashbacks

30
Q

What are avoidance sx? (assoc. w/ panic disorder)

A

Avoidance or efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, feelings or external reminders assoc. w/ the inciting event

31
Q

What is negative alterations? (assoc. w/ panic disorder)

A

Inability to remember an important aspect of traumatic event (or persistent negative emotional state)

32
Q

What are arousal and reactivity sx? (assoc. w/ panic disorder)

A

Irritable behavior, angry outbursts, hypervigilance and/or exaggerated startle response, sleep disturbance, reckless or self-destructive behavior

33
Q

Treatment for PTSD

A

Psychotherapy (exposure-based CBT)

SSRIs for sx reduction

34
Q

Define social phobia

A

A persistent fear or one or more social or performance situations in which the person is exposed to possible scrutiny by others

35
Q

1st line therapy for social phobia

A

CBT (SSRIs for comorbid depression)

36
Q

T or F: both obsessions and compulsions must be present for the diagnosis of OCD

A

False.

Can be either or or both

37
Q

Typical ratio between obsessions and compulsions

A

1:1

38
Q

Define obsessions

A

Recurrent thoughts, impulses, or images that cause marked anxiety or distress

39
Q

Define compulsions

A

Ritualistic behaviors or mental acts performed in response to an obsession (relieve anxiety assoc. w/ obsession HOWEVER can be disconnected from the obsession itself)

40
Q

Compulsions usually take up how much of a patients day

A

1hr/d

41
Q

OCD tx

A

SSRIs (higher dose than depression)

CBT

42
Q

Adjustment disorder diagnostic criteria

A
  • Development of emotional or behavioral sx in r/t identifiable stressor occurring w/in 3 months of onset of stressor
  • Does NOT meet criteria for other disorder/is not an exacerbation
  • Once stressor has terminated, sx do not persist for more than an addition 6 mo
  • *if criteria for another disorder are met, it takes precedent**
43
Q

Examples of positive dissociative sx

A

Fragmentation of identity
Depersonalization (from oneself)
Derealization (from surroundings)

44
Q

Example of negative dissociative sx

A

Amnesia (localized, selective, generalized)

*most pt. unaware

45
Q

Cluster A personality disorders

A

“Weird”
Schizoid
Schizotypal
Paranoid

46
Q

Cluster B personality disorders

A 
"Wild"
Antisocial
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic
47
Q

Cluster C personality disorders

A

“Worried”/”Weak”
Avoidant
Dependent
Obsessive-compulsive (OCPD)

48
Q

Name that personality disorder:

  • Voluntary social withdrawal (hermit)
  • No desire for relationships
  • Absence of psychotic sx
A

Schizoid

49
Q

Name that personality disorder:

  • Odd, eccentric behavior
  • “Magical thinking”
  • Social anxiety, family and few friends ok
  • Absence of psychotic sx
A

Schizotypal

50
Q

Name that personality disorder:

  • Distrustful, suspicious
  • Easily insulted, bears grudges
  • Questions loyalty of others
A

Paranoid

51
Q

Name that personality disorder:

  • Noncomformity to social norms, laws
  • Disregard for and violation of the rights of others
  • Irritable, deceitful
  • No empathy or remorse
  • Aggressive
A

Antisocial

52
Q

Name that personality disorder:

  • Unstable relationships
  • Impulsivity x2 (sex, spending, substances)
  • Recurrent suicidal behavior/threats
  • Mood swings
  • Chronic feeling of emptiness
  • Splitting
  • Projection
A

Borderline

53
Q

Treatment for borderline personality disorder (in addition to psychotherapy)

A

DBT

54
Q

Name that personality disorder:

  • Overly emotional and dramatic
  • Attention seeking
  • Sexually provocative, uses physical appearance to draw attention to self
  • May believe relationships are more intimate than they are
A

Histrionic

55
Q

Name that personality disorder:

  • Grandiosity, inflated self image
  • Considers her/himself entitled (in reality, afraid and profoundly insecure)
  • Fragile self-esteem
  • Needs praise and admiration
A

Narcissistic

56
Q

Name that personality disorder:

  • Low self-esteem, shy, feelings of inadequacy
  • Desire for friends, but fear of rejection
  • Hypersensitive to criticism
A

Avoidant

57
Q

Name that personality disorder:

  • Constantly needing reassurance
  • Lacks self confidence
  • Relies on others for decision-making
  • Intense discomfort when alone
A

Dependent

58
Q

Name that personality disorder:

  • Rigid adherence to routine (routine change -> anxiety)
  • Hesitates to delegate tasks to others
  • Makes moral judgements on others
  • Preoccupied with minor details
  • Rigid and stubborn
  • Unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects
A

Obsessive-compulsive (OCPD)

59
Q

Treatment for all personality disorders

A

Psychotherapy

Behavioral health (2 decks)

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