B.F. Skinner

Question 1

Created an operant chamber/Skinner box

Answer 1

One wall had a bar that pigeons could peck at to get food, when placed in a box the pigeon would peck at anything and eventually food would appear
This determined that behavior followed by a reinforcing stimulus results in an up, they will do it again in the future

Question 2

Operant

Answer 2

Thing being tested

Example - pigeon

Question 3

Operant chamber

Answer 3

The environment

Example - the box

Question 4

Behavior

Answer 4

Doing what it learned to gain something

Example - pressing / pecking at the bar

Question 5

Reinforcer

Answer 5

What the operant will receive

Example - food

Question 6

Extinction

Answer 6

If the lever gives no food, it will stop pushing the lever

Turn food back on after extinction they will immediately remember

Question 7

Schedules of reinforcement = intermittent reinforcement

Answer 7

Continuous reinforcement
Fixed ratio schedule
Fixed interval schedule
Variable schedule
Variable interval

Question 8

Continuous reinforcement

Answer 8

Every time the behavior happens, the reinforcement happens

Question 9

Fixed ratio schedule

Answer 9

For every X times, the behavior gets reinforcement

Example - piece work = for every X time you sell something you get paid an X amount

Question 10

Fixed interval schedule

Answer 10

Timing device
Example - the rat pressed the bar at least once in 20 minutes it got food after the time resets, so it figured out the schedule and paced itself

Question 11

Variables schedule

Answer 11

Change X, animal has no idea when to get treat

Question 12

Variable interval

Answer 12

Changes time so the animal does not know the schedule and when they get their reinforcement
Example - goes from every 5 seconds to every 10 seconds to every 15 seconds, etc.

Question 13

Shaping

Answer 13

Method of successive approximations
Reinforce behaviors (positive or negative) works better with positive
Example - teaching animals a complicated trick or treating a phobia
-called systematic deproximation

Question 14

Aversive stimuli (punishment)

Answer 14

Behavior followed by a punishment decreases probability of it happening again

Question 15

What are some problems with punishment ?

Answer 15

We relate punishment to person, not always that said behavior
It may not stop behavior, just around that punisher
Person may get mad at the punisher

Question 16

Reinforcement

Answer 16

Gets you to do the behavior

Question 17

Two types of reinforcement

Answer 17

Positive - person does behavior you want –> deliver something pleasant (ex - get good grades = give money)
Negative - do desired behavior and something not liked stops
(Ex - alarm clocks, fire alarm)

Question 18

Punishment

Answer 18

Stops the behavior

Question 19

Two types of punishments

Answer 19

Positive - do something undesired by someone and they do something bad to that person or thing (ex - spanking when talked back too)
Negative - do undesired task and get something taken away (ex- time out or grounded = taking away freedom)

Question 20

Behavior modification

Answer 20

A treatment method
Distinguish undesired behavior by removing something they like by doing that behavior (uses negative punishment)
Example - a small kid throws tantrums so don’t give what they want until they can talk it out)

Question 21

Rewards

Answer 21

People tend to see that the reward is the reason for the behavior
Example - odyssey should be an intrinsic motivation but is extrinsic because we are forced

Question 22

What is the goal of rewards?

Answer 22

To create long term change

Question 23

Extrinsic

Answer 23

Force you to do something with rewards as an external motivation

Question 24

Intrinsic

Answer 24

Makes you want to do something from within

Question 25

Operant conditioning

Answer 25

Reward/punishment = Reinforcement behavior

The creature does have a response from the community and can be rewarded or punished