Beyond Big Bang Quiz Review

Question 1

ANCIENT VIEW: What did early man believe?

Answer 1

Universe composed of only Sun, Moon, Earth, and stars. Recognized patterns observed in the sky.

Question 2

ANCIENT VIEW: What did humans rely on to track seasons and movements of stars and time of year? (Help: Seasons and Gods)

Answer 2

Structures. Knowing these dates allowed people to know when to plant and harvest crops and predict seasons through observation. They turned nature into gods to comprehend these concepts. They also created pictures in the stars to track regions of the night sky and held them as legends and gods.

Question 3

ANCIENT VIEW: What were the heavens believed to be? How did they view nature?

Answer 3

The heavens were believed to be the home of the gods by many cultures including the maya and aztecs.

No control over nature, nature is a supreme being. In ancient times, humans viewed the harshness of nature as gods and used structures/buildings to help them understand the concepts, and tried to connect with the Gods

Question 4

ANCIENT VIEW: What did humans create? Where is the oldest of these located?

Answer 4

Early humans made giant calendars that displayed seasons, and calculated large portions of time. Europe’s oldest known calendar exists in Northern Germany, where farmers wanted to tell the time and the year/when to plant and harvest.

Question 5

ANCIENT VIEW: What was one of the false beliefs had about the universe and earth? (Extra: What was the main tension between religion and science?)

Answer 5

The universe revolves around the earth, and the earth does not move

Religion and Science have long been entangled, both trying to find meaning. While the two often oppose each other, they both strengthen each other. Religion has stifled scientific growth in the past, but has still given us motive to ask why.

Question 6

ANCIENT VIEW: What was superstition the original beginning of?

Answer 6

Science

Question 7

GREEKS: What led to breakthroughs about the sun and moon? What field of study did they use to “map the heavens”? How accurate?

Answer 7

Astronomy and astrology.

Ancient Greeks provided a lot more information on the sun and the moon, as well as the size of the Earth. They started to use mathematics to find the rough distance of the sun and moon to the earth; to map the heavens

The Greeks with mathematics knew that the Earth is round, and they could also try and and start to predict the movement of the planets..90% accuracy

Question 8

GREEKS: What did they believe about the earth? What were stars and planets named after? What were the 5 planets found?

Answer 8

Believed that everything revolved around Earth, and that Earth was a fixed object (geocentric model)

Roman Gods

Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturn, and Jupiter

Question 9

GREEKS: What two types of “stars” did they discover?

Answer 9

small stars that moved together in regular patterns

and larger ones that moved haphazardly (now known as planets) - epicycles moved irregularly compared to stars..predicted paths and future behaviours of planets

Question 10

GREEKS: What did Aristotle believe?

Answer 10

believed in a finite fixed spherical universe

Question 11

GREEKS: What did Ptolemy do?

Answer 11

traced paths and velocity of planets and predicted their future behaviour.
worked well, but is incorrect and very complicated.
not trying to predict the shape of the solar system, but was trying to prove their locations of the universe.

Question 12

COPERNICUS: What idea did he push? What did he find out about the Earth’s axis?

Answer 12

The Sun is the center of the solar system and not the Earth

Earth was rotating and that the heavens did not move, we moved around an axis every 24 hours.

Question 13

COPERNICUS: What did he find out about planet’s orbits? What did he believe that stars were?

Answer 13

Movement of the planets lined up in regular patterns…
Planets with larger periods of orbit lie farther from the sun (copernicus)

Size of orbit directly related to its period

Fgured out the planets orbits and distance from the sun

He believed stars were an illusion

Question 14

COPERNICUS: Why was church upset?

Answer 14

There was a great divide on where the sun was placed in the universe, where the church (large power of the time) was upset that the sun was now at the centre rather than the earth, which went against god’s word

The clergy was outraged as it was believed that if God had created the earth and everything in the universe he would have made the earth the center and the heliocentric model went against this.

Question 15

KELPER: What did he do with Copernicus’ idea of heliocentrism? What did he discover?

Answer 15

furthered Copernicus’s idea of heliocentrism and discovered that the perfect circles that this model showed were also wrong and that the planets were in fact in ellipsis.

The closer a planet gets to the Sun the faster its velocity. This explained what we see on Earth with the movement of planets.

Used data and observations (scientific method) to confirm copernicus.

Question 16

KELPER: What strange phenomena did his data point to?

Answer 16

c

Question 17

KELPER: What did he find that planets do? What did he prove/disprove about orbits?

Answer 17

Disapproved fully circular orbits of planets, he proved ellipses

Kepler helped demonstrate that earth rotated on a spinning axis, like a gyroscope.

…Found that the planets did not move in a perfect circle, as planets approach the sun they speed up, as they move away they slow down

Question 18

KELPER: Other facts?

Answer 18

The larger the radius of orbit, the slower the speed of the planet.

Planets closer to the sun are faster than those further away

Question 19

GALILEI: What did he observe? What did he help to develop that is instrumental in looking at the night’s sky today?

Answer 19

Observed jupiter’s moons and the phases of venus

Galileo helped develop the telescope by improving on Danish perspective glass. Galilei used a new technology called the telescope to prove the Kepler model (30x magnification).

Question 20

GALILEI: What did he see through this telescope?

Answer 20

Saw rings, and details

Venus went through phases therefore it orbits the sun, proving previous theories and heliocentric model

Saw thousands more stars, saw Venus went through phases like our moon

Question 21

GALILEI: What was he considered? How did church react to findings? What did he solve about part of theory of gravity?

Answer 21

First modern scientist

The church welcomed his ideas at first but when he began attempting to interpret scripture on his own based on his scientific findings, he was put on trial and accused of being a heretic.

Falling bodies always always at the same rate

Question 22

NEWTON: What theory did he create? How many laws? What fruit did he connect to what celestial bodies orbit?

Answer 22

Created the theory of universal gravity, which explains how every moves (because everything is connected by this force) - Developed the 3 laws of motions

and made fucking calculus

Connected the orbiting moon to a falling apple.

Question 23

NEWTON: What other important contributions did he add to this way of thinking (creating physics)?

Answer 23

created our mathematical theories of gravity, explaining how the planets rotate around the Sun and moons around planets.

could constantly and consistently predict and prove the movements of objects such as planets, tides, etc, which are all held together by the laws of gravity and laws of motion.

Question 24

NEWTON: How did he describe gravity?

Answer 24

a type of energy that is exerted on an object.

Question 25

EINSTIEN: What were his biggest contributions?

Answer 25

• created both theories of relativity, and the idea of spacetime
• proved that the universe was created at some point and will one day end
• the heavier the mass the more the fabric of spacetime bends and the more influence that object has
• gravity could also bend light

Question 26

EINSTIEN: What was so important about 1905? 1915? 1919? 1921?

Answer 26

1905 - the Theory of Special Relativity was published

1915 - theory of general relativity was published, describing the fabric of spacetime. Gravity works because spacetime is curved

1919 - massive experiment based on a solar eclipse proved that objects could warp spacetime when stars behind the sun were photographed.

1921 - nobel prize

Question 27

HUBBLE/LEMAITRE: What did they find about the universe that Einstein rejected?

Answer 27

It’s expanding and its not static

…If the universe is expanding, it must have been smaller yesterday, therefore it must have been extremely small and extremely dense at one point - singularity

Question 28

HUBBLE/LEMAITRE: What is the modern Big Bang theory by Lemaitre?

Answer 28

explains that the universe began with a cataclysmic explosion of a small “super atom” or a singularity of dense mass. “Cosmic egg”

Question 29

HUBBLE/LEMAITRE: What did Hubble find? What conclusion did he ultimately come to?

Answer 29

saw that there was more and further out than anyone had ever seen, ultimately discovering that our sun is one in billions of stars

galaxies are moving away from each other, solidifying the idea that the universe is expanding

Question 30

HUBBLE/LEMAITRE: What was androma thought to be?

Answer 30

Andromeda originally was thought to be star dust, however after calculating the distance of it they discovered that it was another large galaxy

Question 31

HUBBLE/LEMAITRE: What was the evidence needed to support Lemaitre’s theory?

Answer 31

EM background radiation