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TFN MIDTERMS > Betty Neuman > Flashcards

Betty Neuman Flashcards

1
Q

_________ refers to the whole
person

A

Wholistic

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2
Q

Neuman published the ________________ in 1982

A

“Neuman Systems Model”

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3
Q

Neuman attended University of
California at Los Angeles (UCLA)
with double major in _________ and _____________

A

psychology, public health

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4
Q

two major components of an open system

A

stress and reaction to stress

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5
Q

is a dynamic, open, systems
approach to client care originally developed to provide a unifying focus for defining nursing problems and for
understanding the client in interaction with the environment.

A

Wholistic approach

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6
Q

five variables simultaneously affecting the client system

A

physiological
psychological
sociocultural,
developmental
spiritual

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7
Q

“there is a continuous flow of input and process, output, and feedback.

A

open system

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8
Q

“matter, energy, and information that are exchanged
between the client and the
environment”

A

input and output

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9
Q

system output in the form of
“matter, energy, and
information serves as feedback
for future for corrective action
to change, enhance, or stabilize
the system”

A

feedback

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10
Q

“a process of energy
conservation that increases
organization and complexity,
moving the system toward
stability at a higher degree of
wellness”

A

negentropy

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11
Q

a dynamic and “desirable
state of balance in which energy exchanges can take place without disruption of the
character of the system,” which
points toward optimal health

A

stability

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12
Q

consists of both internal and external forces surrounding the client, influencing, and being
influenced by the client, at any
point in time”

A

environment

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13
Q

developed unconsciously by
the client to express system
wholeness symbolically.

A

created environment

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14
Q

“its purpose is to provide
perceptual protection for client
system functioning and to
maintain system stability”

A

created environment

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15
Q

“a composite of five variables
(physiological, psychological,
sociocultural, developmental,
and spiritual) in interaction
with the environment”

A

client system

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16
Q

variable that refers to body structure and function

A

physiological

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17
Q

variable that refers
to mental process in interaction
with the environment

A

psychological

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18
Q

variable that refers
to the effects and influences of
social and cultural conditions

A

sociocultural

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19
Q

variable that refers to age related processes
and activities

A

developmental

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20
Q

variables that refers to
spiritual beliefs and influences

A

spiritual

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21
Q

composed of a central core
surrounded by concentric rings “consists of basic survival
factors common to human
beings,” such as innate or
genetic features

A

basic structure

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22
Q

“serve as protection factors that are activated by stressors
penetrating the normal line of defense”

A

Lines of Resistance (LOR)

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23
Q

the model’s outer solid circle that represents the “adaptation level of health developed over the course of time and serves as the standard by which to measure wellness deviation determination”

A

Normal Line of Defense

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24
Q

the model’s outer broken ring; perceived as a protective buffer
for preventing stressors from breaking through the usual wellness state as represented by the normal line of defense

A

Flexible Line of Defense

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25
Q

“optimal wellness exists when the total system needs are being completely met”; a continuum of wellness to illness that is dynamic in nature

A

Health

26
Q

“exists when all system
subparts interact in harmony with the hole system and all system need are being met”

A

wellness

27
Q

“exists at the opposite end of the continuum from wellness and represents a state of instability and energy
depletion”

A

illness

28
Q

are tension producing stimuli “that have the potential to disrupt system stability, leading
to an outcome that may be positive or negative

A

stressors

29
Q

stressors may arise from the following:

A

Intrapersonal forces
Interpersonal forces
Extrapersonal forces

30
Q

represents system instability that occurs when strategies invade the normal line of
defense

A

Degree of Reactions

31
Q

are purposeful actions to help the client retain, attain, or maintain system stability can
occur

A

prevention

32
Q

Neuman’s three levels of intervention

A

a) primary
b) secondary
c) tertiary

33
Q

intervention where when one stressor is identified; a reaction has not yet occurred,
but the degree of risk is known

A

Primary Intervention

34
Q

involves interventions or treatment initiated after symptoms from stress have occurred.

A

Secondary Intervention

35
Q

occurs after the active
treatment for secondary
prevention stage; the goal is to maintain optimal wellness representing
recurrence of reaction or regression.

A

Tertiary Intervention

36
Q

occurs after treatment for stressor reactions; it represents return of the
system to stability, which may be the higher or lower level of
wellness than before stressor invasion.

A

Reconstruction

37
Q

example of physiological variable

A

Individual System,
Community System

38
Q

example of psychological variable

A

Self-esteem and its effect of
relationships for the individual
and communication patterns
for a family

39
Q

example of developmental variable

A

Empty Nest Syndrome
Sandwich Generation

40
Q

example of sociocultural variable

A

Ethnic cultural practices and health belief practices on birthing, food preferences in
different regions of the
country, and care of the dying and dead

41
Q

example of spiritual variable

A

Anointing the sick or dying with oil, among Roman Catholics
avoiding scavenger
fishes (shrimp, squids, crabs, fishes with no scales) among Seventh Day Adventists
prohibiting blood transfusion among Jehovah’s Witnesses

42
Q

made up of basic “survival factors”
→ include system variables, genetic features, and the strengths and weaknesses of the system parts

A

Central Core

43
Q

examples of central core

A

hair color, body
temperature regulation ability, functioning of body systems
homeostatically, cognitive ability, physical strength, and
value systems.

44
Q

is any environmental force which can potentially affect the
stability of the system.

A

stressor

45
Q

occur within the
individual. (emotion and feelings, hypertension, low blood glucose)

A

Intrapersonal forces

46
Q

occur between
individuals. (role expectations, perceptions of caregiver, friend
relationships)

A

Interpersonal forces

47
Q

occur outside the
individual (job or finance pressure)

A

Extrapersonal forces

48
Q

the primary nursing
intervention; Focuses on keeping stresses and distress response from having a detrimental effect on the body

A

Prevention

49
Q

occurs before the system reacts to a stressor; strengthens the person to enable him to better deal with
stressors, and on the other hand manipulates the environment to reduce or weaken stressors

A

Primary Prevention

50
Q

occurs after the system reacts to a stressor in this provided in terms of existing systems; focuses on preventing damage to the central core by strengthening the internal lines of resistance and or removing the stressor.

A

Secondary Prevention

51
Q

occurs after the system has been treated through secondary prevention strategies

A

Tertiary Prevention

52
Q

offers support to the client and attempts to add energy to the
system or reduce energy needed in order to facilitate
reconstitutions.

A

Tertiary Prevention

53
Q

Metaparadigm of Neuman: Person/Client

A

open client system
in reciprocal interaction with the environment

54
Q

Metaparadigm of Neuman: Health

A

“the condition in which all parts and subparts (variables) are in
harmony with the whole of the client”
sees health as being equated with wellness

55
Q

Metaparadigm of Neuman: Nursing

A

Neuman sees nursing as “unique profession that is concerned with all of the variables which influence the response a person might have
to stressor.”

Neuman define nursing as actions which assist individuals, families and groups to maintain
a maximum level of wellness, and the primary aim is stability
of the patient/client system, through nursing interventions to reduce stressors

56
Q

Metaparadigm of Neuman: Environment

A

“environment as all the internal and external factors that surround and influence the client system.”

57
Q

Neuman stated that the state of wellness is in ___________ __________, rather than in any kind of steady state

A

dynamic equilibrium

58
Q

“an unlimited entity with an active personality system whose evolution follows principles, symbolism, and systematic organizations…it is not always possible to see the potential expansions of this entity”

A

PERSON/CLIENT

59
Q

was named as an Honorary
Member of the Fellowship of the American Academy of Nursing

A

Betty Neuman

60
Q

birth of betty neuman

A

1924 – born near Lowell, Ohio

TFN MIDTERMS (2 decks)

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