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YEAR 11 PDHPE > BETTER HEALTH FOR INDIVIDUALS > Flashcards

BETTER HEALTH FOR INDIVIDUALS Flashcards

1
Q

FQ1

A

What does health mean to individuals?

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2
Q

DEFINITIONS OF HEALTH

A

changed over time–> increased medicine,science,tech,social enviro & their influences

  • until 20th-century health= ‘Absence of illness or disease’
  • med tech has improved disease–>vaccines,immunisation
  • WHO 1946
    “A state of complete, physical, mental & social wellbeing & not merely the absence of illness or infirmity”
    HOLISTIC APPROACH
  • Ottawa Charter, 1984= marked a new era in public health
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3
Q

DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH

A

A persons level of health is the result of the interaction between these dimensions
- PHYSICAL, SPIRITUAL, MENTAL, SOCIAL

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4
Q

Dimensions of health

* PHYSICAL

A

The wellness of the body and the absence of chronic pain or discomfort.

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5
Q

Dimensions of health

* SPIRITUAL

A

A sense of purpose and meaning in our life, and to feeling connected w/ others and society

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6
Q

Dimensions of health

* MENTAL

A

A state of wellbeing, where we recognise our ability, cope w/ normal stresses of life, & make a contribution to society.

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7
Q

Dimensions of health

* SOCIAL

A

Our ability to interact with other people in an independent and co-operative way

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8
Q

RELATIVE AND DYNAMIC NATURE OF HEALTH

A
  • Judging where we are along the illness-wellness continuum = SUBJECTIVE due to perspective & what is optimal and normal.
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9
Q

RELATIVE NATURE OF HEALTH

A

the status of health in comparison to others or another time

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10
Q

DYNAMIC NATURE OF HEALTH

A

constant fluctuations that occur in the level of health

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11
Q

*** MEANINGS OF HEALTH

A
  • Definitions of health
  • Dimensions of health
  • Relative and dynamic nature of health
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12
Q

*** PERCEPTIONS OF HEALTH

A
  • Perceptions of their health
  • Perceptions of the health of others
  • Implications of different perceptions of health
  • Perceptions of health as social constructs
  • Impact of the media, peers and family
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13
Q

PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR HEALTH

A

refers to the way something is viewed by an individual or group.
- perceptions are influenced by our attitudes about health by peers, family and the media.

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14
Q

PERCEPTIONS OF THE HEALTH OF OTHERS

A

parents, elderly, the homeless

  • The way a person thinks about the health of others in our society is shaped by the perceptions we develop through our own experiences.
  • The more diverse we are = broader perceptions.
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15
Q

IMPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENT PERCEPTIONS OF HEALTH

A

INDIVIDUAL–> peoples perceptions have a significant influence on their lifestyle choices and behaviours
E.G tanning, eating well, eating badly, depression

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16
Q

PERCEPTIONS OF HEALTH AS SOCIAL CONSTRUCTS

A

SOCIAL CONTRUCTS: ‘Health is not the sole responsibility of the individual’

  • construct recognises people have different views based on social circumstances
  • our views regarding health are influenced by social, economic & cultural conditions of our family.

Health is based and influenced regarding …
*socioeconomic status *geo location *cultural bground

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17
Q

IMPACT OF THE MEDIA

A
  • Disseminates info
  • Delivers & promotes health messages
  • Creates misconceptions
  • Influences attitudes, values, and beliefs
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18
Q

IMPACT OF PEERS

A
  • Influence our ideas & behaviours
  • Support
  • Place social pressures and desire to fit in
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19
Q

IMPACT OF FAMILY

A

Their behaviours surrounding health strongly influence the ideas that we may adopt or form

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20
Q

*** HEALTH BEHAVIOURS OF YOUNG PEOPLE

A
  • The positive health status of young people

- Protective behaviours and risk behaviours

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21
Q

THE POSITIVE HEALTH STATUS OF YOUNG PEOPLE

A

Young Australians have continued to improve over time increased life expectancy decrease mortality and morbidity

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22
Q

FACTORS THAT PROTECT THE HEALTH OF YOUNG PEOPLE

A

Not taking drugs, smoking or drinking, exercise, counseling, supporting parents, friends school.

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23
Q

FACTORS THAT RISK THE HEALTH OF YOUNG PEOPLE

A

Doing drugs, lack of social abilities, no education

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24
Q

FQ2

A

What influences the health of individuals

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25
Q

THE DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

A
  • Individual
  • Sociocultural
  • Socioeconomic
  • Environmental
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26
Q

INDIVIDUAL FACTORS

A

Knowledge, skills, attitudes and genetics

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27
Q

SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS

A

Family, peers, media, religion, culture

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28
Q

SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS

A

Employment, education, income

29
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

A

Geolocation, access to health services, and tech.

30
Q

*** THE DEGREE OF CONTROL INDIVIDUALS CAN EXERT OVER THEIR HEALTH

A
  • Modifiable and non-modifiable health determinants

- The changing influence of determinants through different life stages

31
Q

MODIFIABLE AND NON-MODIFIABLE HEALTH DETERMINANTS

A
  • A persons level of health is not solely determined by individual choices
  • Not all Australians are able to exert the same level of influence and control of their own health, resulting in health inequalities.
32
Q

MODIFIABLE DETERMINANTS

A

Can be changed/controlled
- increases when we believe we can acquire info manage situations, make choices
E.G diet, exercise, stress management

33
Q

NON-MODIFIABLE DETERMINANTS

A

Cannot be changed/controlled

E.G genetics, hereditary, environmental factors.

34
Q

SELF EFFICACY

Our belief to bring about change

A

Stronger → persistence/feelings of control. Lower → feelings of powerless, negative self-evaluations.

35
Q

THE CHANGING INFLUENCE OF DETERMINANTS THROUGH DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES

A

At different times in our lives certain determinants may have a greater or lesser influence on our health status and decisions.

  • Mothers and babies
  • Children and young people
  • Working-age adults
  • Older people
36
Q

MOTHERS AND BABIES

A

Social support and income is a big influence, access to health services e.g vaccination

37
Q

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE

A

Develop skills and habits, under the influence of parents. A cumulative effect such as violence or tobacco creates risks.

38
Q

WORKING-AGE ADULTS

A

25-64: Employment opportunities and parenthood are the focus, therefore, the greatest capacity to control determinants and socioeconomic status.

39
Q

OLDER PEOPLE

A

Cumulating determinants become evident e.g. impact of tobacco use, overweight etc reduce of control occurs

40
Q

*** HEALTH AS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCT

A
  • Recognises the interrelationship of determinants

- Challenges the notion that health is solely an individual’s responsibility

41
Q

RECOGNISES THE INTERRELATIONSHIP OF DETERMINANTS

A
  • Depends on a different view of health based on social circumstances and one’s environment
  • Good health according to the factors within the environment and the impact of the factors.
42
Q

CHALLENGES THE NOTION THAT HEALTH IS SOLELY AN INDIVIDUAL’S RESPONSIBILITY

A

Health and wellbeing are associated with social institutions such as families, communities, workplaces, etc Lack of support leads to social isolation.

43
Q

FQ3

A

What strategies help to promote the health of individuals?

44
Q

WHAT IS HEALTH PROMOTION

A

“the process of enabling people to increase control over their health& its determinants, and thereby improve their health”

45
Q

Health promotion…

WHO identify 3 key elements…

A
  1. GOOD GOVERNANCE FOR HEALTH
    attempts of govt (or other) to steer a community in he pursuit of good health
  2. HEALTH LITERACY
    peoples ability to read and write
  3. HEALTH CITIES
    putting health on high agendas for city govts
46
Q

Health promotion involves …

A

policy changes, enviro improvements, WHS, seeks to change the social determinants, changing so they are favourable and enablethe individuals to improve their own health.

47
Q

*** RESPONSIBILITY FOR HEALTH PROMOTION

A
  • Individuals
  • Community groups/schools
  • Non govt organisations
  • Govts
48
Q

INDIVIDUALS

A
  • Have the responsibility to promote their own health through being educated about protective & risk behaviours
  • Responsible to make choices to promote our health
    E.G pdhpe teacher, health care practicioner, elite athlete
49
Q

COMMUNITY GROUPS/SCHOOLS

A

Com groups know their context, needs and health status etc & are often equipped to meet these needs.
COM GROUPS: schools, re groups, AA

Schools are the biggest group.

  • develop health habits& solid basis for health literacy
  • PDHPE syllabus> holistic view of health, rules & regulations E.G no hat no play.
50
Q

NON-GOVT ORGANISATIONS

A

Focus on specific issue, usually healt-related or social justice concern.

51
Q

Role of non govt organisations…

A

RESEARCH
conduct research on issue
SUPPORT
networks for practical support, providing info on interventions.
MEDIA CAMPAIGNS
raises awareness around health issues and social justice, educates public.

52
Q

GOVERNMENTS

A

COUNCIL REGULATIONS
WHS, national policies, data analysis

COMMONWEALTH (AUS)
state (NSW)
local (council)

53
Q

*** HEALTH PROMOTION APPROACHES AND STRATEGIES

A
  • Lifestyle/behavioural approaches
  • Preventative medical approaches
  • Public health approaches
54
Q

LIFESTYLE/BEHAVIOURAL APPROACHES

quit smoking pograms, health education

A

CHANGE THEIR LIFESTYLE OR PARTICULAR BEHAVIOURS
E.G smoking
National Tobacco Campaign > ‘Quit Now’
- tips for those struggling > ads & campaigns.

55
Q

PREVENTATIVE MEDICAL APPROACHES

immunisation, screening

A 
INVOLVE DRUGS & TECH TO HELP PREVENT HEALTH ISSUES
-Child immunisation
vaccines
-Screenings
early detection
56
Q

PUBLIC HEALTH PROMOTION

health promoting schools, workplaces

A
  • Promote health based on range of health determinants, targeting social deteminants set by WHO
  • Health promoting schools,health promotion workplaces,all providing tools and resources.
57
Q

*** THE OTTAWA CHARTER AS AN EFFECTIVE HEALTH PROMOTION FRAMEWORK

A
  • Developing personal skills
  • Creating supportive environments
  • Strengthening community actions
  • Reorientating health services
  • Building healthy public policy
58
Q

The Ottawa Charter

A
  • Most widely used health promtion framework

- Developed after WHO held an international conferencing 1986

59
Q

DEVELOPING PERSONAL SKILLS

A
  • education & health literacy > informed > better health choices
  • foundational motor skills & gaining insight of behaviours
  • promoting protective behaviours
  • building health literacy to… EMPOWERING, ENHANCING/ ENABLING the individual
    E.G safety on our roads > road and maritimes services > educational programs/road rules.
60
Q

CREATING SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENTS

A
  • link between peoples health & the environment
  • where we live, work, play and socialise
  • global environment
  • taking care of each other/community environment
  • how can the supportaround me help to better others
    E.G tobacco smoking > online ads, quitline
    E.G increased speeding > more promotion of the dangers > speed cameras
61
Q

STRENGTHENING COMMUNITY ACTIONS

A
  • communities to make decisions, plans & implement health promotions & review their effectiveness
  • using community resources in orderto provide social support & self-help for the community > empower community & involvement
    E.G Closing The Gap → creates equality amongst all Australians (in the com)
    E.G RTA SpeedBlitz Blues → raise awareness amongst the consequences of speeding → to change attitudes.
62
Q

REORIENTATING HEALTH SERVICES

A
  • recognises the impacts of all the determinants of health (holistic approach)
  • focus on promotion & prevention
    E.G Tobacco use → RACGP, offices & waiting rooms w. ads.
    E.G Slow down roadshow→ show educating the com about consequences→ raise awareness of a more preventative approach, rather than treatment.
63
Q

BUILDING HEALTHY PUBLIC POLICY

A
  • govt developing legislation & policies to promote laws that improve health outcomes
    E.G Road safety → fixed speed cameras,urban speed limit
    E.G Road safety → RBT→ increasing the punishments for drink driving.
64
Q

*** PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL JUSTICE

A
  • Equity
  • Diversity
  • Supportive environments
65
Q

Principles of social justice

A

Social Justice = FAIRNESS
- everyone to have equal levels of good health
- upholding human rights, advocating valuing diversity, r providing supportive environments.
ADVOCATE, ENABLE, MEDIATE = help to achieve what is their right health

66
Q

EQUITY

A
  • promoting fairness
  • aim to achieve quality in outcome, not method
  • enables everyone to achieve health
  • resources distributed equitably
    E.G Centrelink → funding to those w/ out, in order to have control over their health
    E.G Medicare → provide everyone with access to specific care providers(higher income → taxed more)
67
Q

DIVERSITY

A
  • valuing people for who they are ensuring health promotion meets their needs & is delivered in an appropriate manner
  • diversity of income, location, cultural background, physical & mental abilities, knowledge, language, history
  • for health promotions to work, they must account for the target audiences diverse nature
    E.G ATSI → people speak several languages, have history of being socially oppressed and are victims of racial discrimination. Closing The Gap promotion utilised the action area Strengthening Community Action
68
Q

SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENTS

A
  • includes the physical, social & online environments & seeks to create the environment in such a way that the healthier is the easier choice
    E.G WHS → making schools safer, policies e.g.Anti bullying providing a safe social environment
    E.G National Road Safety Strategy → introduction of speed cameras to reduce road toll. Introduction of 50 km/h suburban speed limits

YEAR 11 PDHPE (1 decks)

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