beta oxidation

Question 1

1st

Answer 1

1. in cytosol or outer mitochondrial membarne - palimate is “activated” by acyl-CoA synthesase which converts it to palmitoyl-CoA at the expense of ATP
2. This step tethers the fatty acid to coenzyme A and commits it to degradation.
3. resulting palmitoyl-CoA cannot cross the inner mitochondrial membrane directly, so it enters the matrix via the carnitine shuttle

Question 2

2nd

Answer 2

1.Once in the matrix, palmitoyl-CoA undergoes seven cycles of β-oxidation, each comprising four enzyme-catalyzed steps
2.Dehydrogenation
Hydration
Dehydrogenation
Thiolysis
producing NADH FADH2
3. 7 cycles removes 14 carbons - four carbon molecule is cleaved in the final cycle
4. NADH and FADH2 feeds into electron transport chain to yield ATP