Beta Oxidation Flashcards
Is the number of adipocytes in our bodies limited?
no
What is the delivery speeds for glucose/glycogen vs fats?
Glucose/glycogen is for quick delivery of energy and fats are for slow delivery of energy
What are the 3 “places” that triglycerides that are used for fuel come from?
Diet, biosynthesis (liver) and adipocytes
What is the main function of bile salts?
To emulsify fats to make them accessible to water soluble enzymes like pancreatic lipase
What does lipase do to the triglycerides? Why?
Lipase digests the TGs into monoacylglycerols and free fatty acids or diaglycerols and free fatty acid. These products are then able to be absorbed down the concentration gradient via passive diffusion across the intestinal epithelium
Once the products from lipase digestion arrive at the mucosal cells, what happens to them?
They are resynthesized back into triglycerides. Lipase was necessary just to get them into the mucosal cells
How do you transfer TGs and cholesterol from the mucosa into the lymph system to bodily tissues?
TGs and cholesterol are packaged in chylomicrons (proteins)
What is the least dense lipoprotein? Most dense?
Chylomicrons are least dense and HDL are most
Why do fats store more energy than glucose?
Highly reduced carbons
Why are proteins more dense than lipids?
Some proteins are hydrophilic so the water they attract makes them more dense
What Apo protein identify chylomicrons? Why do they matter?
Apo C, important for recognition, they act like a docking station for lipoprotein lipase
Where do VLDLs fats come from?
The liver
What are IDLs?
They are the remnants of VLDLs
How to IDLs becomd LDLs?
They need to pick up APO B and cholesterol
What will your liver do with extra cholesterol?
Make more bile salts and degrade more fat
What is the pit that LDL receptors sit in called?
Clathrin coated pit
What is receptor mediated endocytosis of LDL?
The LDL and its receptor are engulfed in the cell, the receptor is recycled and the LDL goes to the lysosome to be broken apart and the cholesterol is released
Each leg of the clathrin is composed of how many heavy and light chains?
3 heavy chains and 3 light chains
When a TG is hydrolyzed to glycerol and FFA where is the glycerol headed and fo what?
Glycerol enters the blood stream bound for the liver to be used in gluconeogensis to supply the brain with glucose
What takes FFA in the bloodstream to where it needs to go?
Serum albumin
How do you get the FFA through the inner mitochondrial membrane to get it into the matrix?
FFA is made into fatty acetyl CoA and then converted into acyl carnitine because it has the carnitine shuttle to get into the matrix and remade into acetyl CoAto allow for beta oxidation
What are the 4 main steps of beta oxidation?
- Dehydrogenation 2. Hydration 3. Dehydrogenation 4. Thiolytic Cleavage
A “x” carbon tail goes through (x/2)-1 cycles of beta oxidation
its one less than the half
What 4 organs undergo beta oxidation?
Skeletal muscle, liver, adipose tissue
