Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochem midterm 2 > Beta Oxidation > Flashcards

Beta Oxidation Flashcards

1
Q

Is the number of adipocytes in our bodies limited?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the delivery speeds for glucose/glycogen vs fats?

A

Glucose/glycogen is for quick delivery of energy and fats are for slow delivery of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 “places” that triglycerides that are used for fuel come from?

A

Diet, biosynthesis (liver) and adipocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the main function of bile salts?

A

To emulsify fats to make them accessible to water soluble enzymes like pancreatic lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does lipase do to the triglycerides? Why?

A

Lipase digests the TGs into monoacylglycerols and free fatty acids or diaglycerols and free fatty acid. These products are then able to be absorbed down the concentration gradient via passive diffusion across the intestinal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Once the products from lipase digestion arrive at the mucosal cells, what happens to them?

A

They are resynthesized back into triglycerides. Lipase was necessary just to get them into the mucosal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do you transfer TGs and cholesterol from the mucosa into the lymph system to bodily tissues?

A

TGs and cholesterol are packaged in chylomicrons (proteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the least dense lipoprotein? Most dense?

A

Chylomicrons are least dense and HDL are most

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why do fats store more energy than glucose?

A

Highly reduced carbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why are proteins more dense than lipids?

A

Some proteins are hydrophilic so the water they attract makes them more dense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What Apo protein identify chylomicrons? Why do they matter?

A

Apo C, important for recognition, they act like a docking station for lipoprotein lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where do VLDLs fats come from?

A

The liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are IDLs?

A

They are the remnants of VLDLs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to IDLs becomd LDLs?

A

They need to pick up APO B and cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What will your liver do with extra cholesterol?

A

Make more bile salts and degrade more fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the pit that LDL receptors sit in called?

A

Clathrin coated pit

17
Q

What is receptor mediated endocytosis of LDL?

A

The LDL and its receptor are engulfed in the cell, the receptor is recycled and the LDL goes to the lysosome to be broken apart and the cholesterol is released

18
Q

Each leg of the clathrin is composed of how many heavy and light chains?

A

3 heavy chains and 3 light chains

19
Q

When a TG is hydrolyzed to glycerol and FFA where is the glycerol headed and fo what?

A

Glycerol enters the blood stream bound for the liver to be used in gluconeogensis to supply the brain with glucose

20
Q

What takes FFA in the bloodstream to where it needs to go?

A

Serum albumin

21
Q

How do you get the FFA through the inner mitochondrial membrane to get it into the matrix?

A

FFA is made into fatty acetyl CoA and then converted into acyl carnitine because it has the carnitine shuttle to get into the matrix and remade into acetyl CoAto allow for beta oxidation

22
Q

What are the 4 main steps of beta oxidation?

A
  1. Dehydrogenation 2. Hydration 3. Dehydrogenation 4. Thiolytic Cleavage
23
Q

A “x” carbon tail goes through (x/2)-1 cycles of beta oxidation

A

its one less than the half

24
Q

What 4 organs undergo beta oxidation?

A

Skeletal muscle, liver, adipose tissue

25
Q

FADH2 contributes to how many protons being pumped and ATP being made?

A

6 Protons pumped and 1.5 ATP

26
Q

NADH2 contributes to how many protons being pumped and how many ATP being made?

A

10 Protons pumped and 2.5 ATP

27
Q

Why cant AcetylCoA from beta oxidation?

A

You need oxaloacetate but there isnt any because you need pyruvate to make oxaloacetate and there isnt any pyruvate because you havent made any from glycolysis because youre out of glucose. This is what led to beta oxidation in the first place.

28
Q

What organs can use ketone bodies for fuel?

A

Brain and heart

29
Q

What is dangerous about ketone bodies?

A

Too much ketone bodies can lead to ketoacidosis

30
Q

How can you still make glucose in a starvation state?

A

FFA can break down and glycerol can go through gluconeogenesis.

Biochem midterm 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions