Beta Lactams: Penicillins Flashcards
What are the natural PCNs?
PCN G (IV), PCN VK (PO), Procaine PCN (IM), Benzathine PCN (IM)
What are the natural penicillins good for treating?
Treponema pallidum, some streptococci, and some enterococci
What are the natural PCNs poor at treating?
atypicals and almost everything else due to resistance
What are the antistaphylococcal PCNs (penicillinase-resistant)?
nafcillin (IV), Oxacillin (IV), and dicloxacillin (PO)
What are the antistaphylococcal PCNs good at treating?
MSSA and streptococci
What are the antistaphylococcal PCNs poor at treating?
gram - rods, enterococci, anaerobes, MRSA, and atypicals
What are the aminopenicillins (extended spectrum PCNs)?
Amoxicillin (PO), Ampicillin (PO, IV)
What are the aminopenicillins good at treating?
streptococci, enterococci, some gram - rods
What are the aminopenicillins poor at treating?
staph, anaerobes, and atypicals
What are the antipseudomonal PCNs (broad spectrum PCNs) ?
Piperacillin (IV) and Ticarcillin (IV)
What are the antipseudomonal PCNs good at treating?
many gram - rods, including pseudomonas. Also treats streptococci and enterococci
What are the antipseudomonal PCNs poor at treating?
staph, anaerobes, and atypicals
What are the 4 combination drugs in the beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor category?
amox/clav (PO), ampicillin/sulbactam (IV), pip/tazo (IV), tic/clav (IV)
What are the beta-lactamase inhibitors good at treating?
MSSA, strep, enterococci, anaerobes, enteric gram - rods
Which two drugs in the beta-lactamase inhibitor category cover Pseudomonas?
pip/tazo and tic/clav
What are the beta-lactamase inhibitors poor at treating?
MRSA, ESBL producing gram - rods
What kind of half life do the natural PCNs, antistaphylococcal PCNs, and aminopenicillins have?
very short half life
What is the DOC for syphilis?
natural PCNs
Which category of Penicillins are eliminated via the liver and therefore require no renal adjustments?
antistaphylococcal PCNs
Utility of amox?
URIs like pharyngitis and otitis media
what is the DOC for susceptible enterococci?
AMP
Which drug has good activity against Acinetobater, a highly drug-resistant GNR that causes nosocomial infections?
Sulbactam
