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[MT 6314] Pharmacology & Toxicology > Beta-Lactam & Cell Wall Inhibitors > Flashcards

Beta-Lactam & Cell Wall Inhibitors Flashcards

1
Q

[TRUE OR FALSE]

ANTIMICROBIALS refer to drugs that inhibit the growth/ replication, or kill organisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, and parasities/ helminthes.

They are also under CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS

A

Both statesments are TRUE

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2
Q

[TERMINOLOGIES]

Kills intended bacteria

A

Bactericidal

cidal - homicidal/ suicidal

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3
Q

[TERMINOLOGIES]

  • Prevents bacteria’s reproduction, and allows for the immune system to take over.
  • Can still be effective with a competent immune system
A

Bacteriostatic

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4
Q

[TERMINOLOGIES]

  • Lowest concentration of antibiotic that inhibits growth of organisms
  • Usually done in invitro testing (quantitative measure on how much concentration of the antibitioc will inhibit bacterial growth)
A

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)

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5
Q

[TERMINOLOGIES]

  • Property of antimicrobials/ anitbiotics wherein it only exerts its toxic effects TO THE ORGANISM AND NOT THE HOST
  • Requisit/ requirement of a drug
A

Selective Toxicity

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6
Q

[BACTERIAL STRUCTURE]

  • Found on the exterior of the plasma membrane
  • Protective feature of bacteria
  • Gives shape and prevents osmotic changes
  • Main constituent is Peptidoglycan/ Murein
A

Cell Wall

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7
Q

[TERMINOLOGIES]

  • Polysaccharide
  • Mesh-like layer
A

Peptidoglycan

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8
Q

[TRUE OR FALSE]

There are peptides/ proteins in the Peptidoglycan BUT there are LESS repeating units of carbohydrates

A

FALSE

There are more repeating units of carbohydrates

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9
Q

[TRUE OR FALSE]

The Cell Wall and Capsule is the mechanism on how bacteria evades phagocytosis and chemical attacks of the host’s immune system

A

TRUE

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10
Q

[TRUE OR FALSE]

Bacteria has NO nucleus and nuclear membrane, but has a nucleoid structure that contains its chromosome

A

TRUE

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11
Q

[BACTERIAL STRUCTURE]

  • Another structure of protection for the bacteria
  • Calcium-containing
A

Capsule

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12
Q

[GRAM-POSITIVE OR GRAM NEGATIVE]

Colors purple

A

Gram-Positive

Purple - Positive

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13
Q

[GRAM-POSITIVE OR GRAM NEGATIVE]

  • Thick layer of Peptidoglycan; contains up to 30 layers
  • Has peptide interbridges
A

Gram-Positive

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14
Q

[GRAM-POSITIVE OR GRAM NEGATIVE]

Colors Red/ Pink

A

Gram-Negative

NOT Purple - Negative

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15
Q

[GRAM-POSITIVE OR GRAM NEGATIVE]

  • Thin Peptidoglycan later
  • Has Lipopolysaccharides (lipid bilayer similar to plasma membranes)
A

Gram-Negative

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16
Q

[GRAM-POSITIVE OR GRAM NEGATIVE]

Is tougher to combat as antibiotics would have a harder time breaking the Peptidoglycan layer of the cell

A

Gram-Negative

17
Q

[IDENTIFICATION]

The Peptidoglycan layer is composed of peptides and sugars. What are these amino sugars?

A
  • N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)
  • N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)
18
Q

[IDENTIFICATION]

The Peptidoglycan layer has 4 amino acids in the Tetrapeptide Crosslinks that are present in the bacteria’s cell wall. What are these 4 amino acids?

A
  • L-alanine
  • D-glutamine
  • L-lysine
  • D-alanine
19
Q

[FILL-IN-THE-BLANKS]

NAG and NAM are interconnected by the [BLANK], which makes them:
* tough
* impenetrable

A

Tetrapeptide Crosslink

20
Q

[TRUE OR FALSE]

Penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems are the major antibiotics that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis.

They are called beta-lactams because of the unusual 4-member ring that is common to all their members.

A

Both are TRUE

21
Q

[IDENTIFICATION]

An alternative to vancomycin that directly disreupts the cell membrane

A

Daptomycin

22
Q

[IDENTIFICATION]

All penicillins are derivatives of what acid

A

6-aminopenicillanic acid

23
Q

[IDENTIFICATION]

More than [how many] antibiotics that act as cell wall synthesis inhibitors are currently available, with individual spectra of activity that afford a wide range of clinical applications.

A

50

24
Q

[TRUE OR FALSE]

Penicillin subclasses have additional chemical substituents that confer differences in antimicrobial activity, susceptibility to acid and enzymatic hydrolysis, and biodisposition.

A

TRUE

25
Q

[IDENTIFICATION]

Penicillins vary in their resistance to gastric acid and therefore vary in their oral bioavailability.

What are the parenteral formulations that are available for injection?

A
  • Ampicillin
  • Piperacillin
  • Ticarcillin
26
Q

[IDENTIFICATION]

What is the polarity of Penicillins

A

Polar

They’re excreted unchanged urine via glomerular filtration & tubular secretion

27
Q
A

[MT 6314] Pharmacology & Toxicology (2 decks)

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