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Spring 2016_Antibiotics > Beta-Lactam Antibiotics > Flashcards

Beta-Lactam Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the mechanism of resistance in beta-lactam antibiotics.

A
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2
Q

Describe the MOA of beta-lactam antibiotics.

A
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3
Q

Name the classes of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics.

A

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

Monobactams

Carbapenems

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4
Q

Name the classes of Penicillin Antibiotics.

A

Natural

β-Lactamase Resistant

Aminopenicillin

Carboxypenicillin

Acylureidopenicillin

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5
Q

Name the Natural Penicillins (Brand & Generic).

A

Penicillin G—benzylpenicillin

Penicillin V—Phenoxymethylpenicillin

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6
Q

What are the ROA’s for the natural Penicillins.

A

Penicillin G—IV

Penicillin V—PO

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7
Q

What are the Gram(+)/(-) for Natural Penicillins?

A

Penicillin G—Gram(+) Potent

Penicillin V—Gram(+) Potent

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8
Q

Beta-LA Resistance for Natural Penicillins

A

Penicillin G—Hydrolyzed

Penicillin V—Hydrolyzed

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9
Q

Spectrum of Natural Penicillins

A

Penicillin G—Narrow

Penicillin V—Narrow

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10
Q

Additional Notes for Natural Penicillins

A

Penicillin G—Poor amide resonance = fairly basic N

Penicillin V—Electron withdrawing group (EWG) increases bioavailability; T1/2 = 5hrs

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11
Q

Name the Beta-Lactamase Resistant Penicillins (Brand & Generic)

A

Staphcillin—methicillin

Unipen—naphcillin

Prostaphilin—oxacillin (X1 = X2 = H)

Tegopen—cloxacillin (X1= Cl, X2 = H)

Dynapen—dicloxacillin (X1 = X2 = Cl)

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12
Q

ROA for Beta-Lactamase Resistant Penicillins

A

Staphcillin—IV

Unipen—PO

Prostaphilin—PO

Tegopen—PO

Dynapen—PO

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13
Q

Gram (+)/(-) for Beta-Lactamase Resistant Penicillins

A

Staphcillin—Gram (+)-Good

Unipen—Gram (+)-Good

Prostaphilin—Gram (+)-Good

Tegopen—Gram (+)-Good

Dynapen—Gram (+)-Good

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14
Q

Additional Notes for Beta-Lactamase Resistant Penicillins

A

Staphcillin—More acid Labile (liable to change) than Pen G

Unipen—Most Active; mass-to-mass comparison

Prostacillin—Differ in the Halogen on Ring (EWG)
Order of increase H Stability (OCD)
↑ Acid Solubility = ↑EWG = Stable

Tegopen—Differ in the Halogen on Ring (EWG)
Order of increase H Stability (OCD)
↑ Acid Solubility = ↑EWG = Stable

Dynopen—Differ in the Halogen on Ring (EWG)
Order of increase H Stability (OCD)
↑ Acid Solubility = ↑EWG = Stable

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15
Q

Name the Aminopenicillin Penicillins (Brand & Generic)

A

Polycillin—ampicillin (bacampicillin)

Amoxil—amoxicillin

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16
Q

ROA for Aminopenicillin Penicillins

A

Polycillin—PO

Amoxil—PO

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17
Q

Gram (+)/(-) for Aminocillin Penicillins

A

Polycillin—Gram (+)-Good, Gram (-)-Low

Amoxil—Gram (+)-Good, Gram (-)-Low

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18
Q

Beta-LA Resistance for Aminocillins

A

Polycillin—Hydrolyzed

Amoxil—Hydrolyzed

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19
Q

Beta-LA Resistance for Beta-Lactamase Resistant Penicillins

A

Staphcillin—Stable

Unipen—Stable

Prostaphilin—Good

Tegopen—Good

Dynapen—Good

20
Q

Spectrum for Beta-Lactamase Resistant Penicillins

A

Staphcillin—Narrow

Unipen—Narrow

Prostaphilin—Narrow

Tegopen—Narrow

Dynapen—Narrow

21
Q

Spectrum for Aminocillin Penicillins

A

Polycillin—Moderate

Amoxil—Moderate

22
Q

Additional Notes for Aminocillin Penicillins

A

Polycillin—Prodrug-Hydro; R-isomer better for (G-)

Amoxil—2x better absorption; Less GI upset; #1

23
Q

Name the Carboxypenicillin Penicillins (Brand & Generic)

A

Geopen—carbenicillin

Ticar—ticarcillin

24
Q

ROA for Carboxypenicillin Penicillins

A

Geopen—PO, IV

Ticar—IV

25
Q

Gram (+)/(-) for Caboxypenicillin Penicillins

A

Geopen—Gram (+)-Good, Gram (-)-Good

Ticar—Gram (+)-Good, Gram (-)-Good

26
Q

Beta-LA Resistance for Carboxypenicillin Penicillins

A

Geopen—Hydrolized

Ticar—Hydrolized

27
Q

Spectrum for Carboxypenicillin Penicillins

A

Geopen—Extended

Ticar—Extended

28
Q

Additional Notes for Carboxypenicillin Penicillins

A

Geopen—Racemize in Soln, Affect platelet=bleed

Ticar—Req High Dose (30-40g) QD, Thiophene

29
Q

Name the Acylureidopenicillin Penicillins (Brand & Generic)

A

Piperacil—pipericillin

Azlin—azlocillin

Mezlin—mezlocillin

30
Q

ROA for Acylureidopenicillin Penicillins

A

Piperacil—IV

Azlin—IV

Mezlin—IV

31
Q

Gram (+)/(-) for Acylureidopenicillin Penicillins

A

Piperacil—Gram (+)-Good, Gram(-)-Good

Azlin—Gram (+)-Good, Gram(-)-Good

Mezlin—Gram (+)-Good, Gram(-)-Good

32
Q

Spectrum for Acylureidopenicillin Penicillins

A

Piperacil—Extended

Azlin—Extended

Mezlin—Extended

33
Q

Beta-LA Resistance for Acylureidopenicillin Penicillins

A

Piperacil—Hydrolized

Azlin—Hydrolyzed

Mezlin—Hydrolyzed

34
Q

Additional Notes for Acylureidopenicillin Penicillins

A

Piperacil—+20g QD, Bulk not close to block attack

Azlin—More potent than Carbencillin, Acid
Labile; Mezlo forms sulfonamide

Mezlin—More potent than Carbencillin, Acid
Labile; Mezlo forms sulfonamide

35
Q

Name the classes of Cephalosporins

A

1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Generation

36
Q

Name the 1st Generation Cehphalosporins (Brand & Generic)

A

Keflin - Cephalothin

Ancef - Cefazolin

Keflex - Cephalexin

37
Q

ROA for 1st Generation Cephalosporins

A

Keflin - IV

Ancef - IV

Keflex - PO

38
Q

Gram (+)/(-) for 1st Generation Cephalosporins

A

Keflin - Gram (+): Good, Gram (-): Modest

Anceft - Gram (+): Good, Gram (-): Modest

Keflex - Gram (+): Good, Gram (-): Modest

39
Q

Beta-LA Resistance in 1st Generation Cephalosporins

A

Keflin - Stable

Anceft - Stable

Keflex - Stable

40
Q

Spectrum for 1st Generation Cephalosporins

A

Keflin - Moderate

Ancef - Moderate

Keflex - Moderate

41
Q

Additional Notes for 1st Generation Cephalosporins

A

Keflin - Thiophene; R2 = Acetoxymethyl Activity

Ancef - Longest T1/2; 85% Serum Protein Bound

Keflex - Not metabolized (90% urine); UTI

42
Q

Name the 2nd Generation Cephalosporins (Brand & Generic)

A

Ceftin - cefuroxime (axetil)

Mefoxin - cefoxitin

43
Q

ROA for the 2nd Generation Cephalosporins

A

Ceftin - PO, IV

Mefoxin - IV

44
Q

Gram (+)/(-) for 2nd Generation Cephalosporins

A

Ceftin - Gram (+): Good, Gram (-): Modest

Mefoxin - Gram (+): Low, Gram (-): Modest

45
Q

Beta-LA Resistance for 2nd Generation Cephalosporins

A

Ceftin - Good

Mefoxin - Good

46
Q

Specturm for 2nd Generation Cephalosporins

A

Ceftin - Moderate

Mefoxin - Moderate

47
Q

Additional Notes for 2nd Generation Cephalosporins

A

Ceftin - Prodrug-Ester; Oxime Ether in Syn; CSF

Mefoxin - Anaerobes; Competitive Inhibitor

Spring 2016_Antibiotics (11 decks)

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