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Pharma 5th semester > Beta Lactam > Flashcards

Beta Lactam Flashcards

0
Q

Penicillin G

A

Penicillin

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1
Q

Penicillins

A 
Penicillin G
Penicillin V
Benzathine penicillin
Procaine penicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Ticarcillin
Piperacillin
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2
Q

Penicillin V

A

Penicillin

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3
Q

Benzathine penicillin

A

Penicillin

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4
Q

Procaine penicillin

A

Penicillin

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5
Q

Nafcillin

A

Penicillin

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6
Q

Oxacillin

A

Penicillin

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7
Q

Ampicillin

A

Penicillin

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8
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Penicillin

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9
Q

Ticarcillin

A

Penicillin

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10
Q

Piperacillin

A

Penicillin

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11
Q

Penicillin V

A

Oral low systemic levels limit widespread use

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12
Q

Oral low systemic levels limit widespread use

A

Penicillin V

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13
Q

Benzathine penicillin

A

Intramuscular, long-acting formulations

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14
Q

Intramuscular, long-acting formulations

A

Benzathine penicillin

Procaine penicillin

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15
Q

Procaine penicillin

A

Intramuscular, long-acting formulations

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16
Q

Intramuscular, long-acting formulations

A

Procaine penicillin

Benzathine penicillin

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17
Q

Nafcillin

A

Intravenous, added stability to staphylococcal beta lactamase, billiary clearance

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18
Q

Intravenous, added stability to staphylococcal beta lactamase, billiary clearance

A

Nafcillin

Oxacillin

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19
Q

Oxacillin

A

Intravenous, added stability to staphylococcal beta lactamase, billiary clearance

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20
Q

Intravenous, added stability to staphylococcal beta lactamase, billiary clearance

A

Oxacillin

Nafcillin

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21
Q

Ampicillin, amoxicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin

A

Greater activity versus gram-negative bacteria; addition of beta lactamase inhibitor restores activity against many beta lactamase-producing bacteria

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22
Q

Greater activity versus gram-negative bacteria; addition of beta lactamase inhibitor restores activity against many beta lactamase-producing bacteria

A

Ampicillin, amoxicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin

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23
Q

Penicillin G

Mechanism of action

A

Prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting cell wall transpeptidases

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24
Q

Prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting cell wall transpeptidases

A

Penicillin G

Mechanism of action

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25
Q

Penicillin G

Effects

A

Rapid bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria

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26
Q

Rapid bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria

A

Penicillin G

Effects

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27
Q

Penicillin G

Clinical applications

A

Streptococcal infections
Meningococcal infections
Neurosyphilis

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28
Q

Streptococcal infections, meningococcal infections, neurosyphilis

A

Penicillin G

Clinical applications

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29
Q

Penicillin G

Pharmacokinetics, toxicities, interactions

A

IV administation
Rapid renal clearance (half-life 30 min, so requires frequent dosing (every 4)
Toxicity: Immediate hypersensitivity, rash, seizures

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30
Q

IV administation
Rapid renal clearance (half-life 30 min, so requires frequent dosing (every 4)
Toxicity: Immediate hypersensitivity, rash, seizures

A

Penicillin G

Pharmacokinetics, toxicities, interactions

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31
Q

Cephalosporins

A 
Cefazolin
Cephalexin
Cefuroxime
Cefotetan
Cefoxitin
Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
Ceftazidime
Cefepime
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32
Q

Cefazolin

A

Cephalosporin

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33
Q

Cephalexin

A

Cephalosporin

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34
Q

Cefuroxime

A

Cephalosporin

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35
Q

Cefotetan

A

Cephalosporin

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36
Q

Cefoxitin

A

Cephalosporin

37
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

Cephalosporin

38
Q

Cefotaxime

A

Cephalosporin

39
Q

Ceftazidime

A

Cephalosporin

40
Q

Cefepime

A

Cephalosporin

41
Q

Cefazolin

Mechanism of action

A

Preventa bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting cell wall transpeptidases

42
Q

Prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting cell wall transpeptidases

A

Cefazolin

Mechanism of action

43
Q

Cefazolin

Effects

A

Rapid bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria

44
Q

Rapid bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria

A

Cefazolin

Effects

45
Q

Cefazolin

Clinical applications

A

Skin and soft tissue infections
Urinary tract infections
Surgical prophylaxis

46
Q

Skin and soft tissue infections
Urinary tract infections
Surgical prophylaxis

A

Cefazolin

Clinical applications

47
Q

Cefazolin

Pharmacokinetics, toxicities, interactions

A 
IV administration
Renal clearance (half-life 1.5 h)
Dosed every 8 h
Poor penetration into the CNS
Toxicity: rash, drug fever
48
Q 
IV administration
Renal clearance (half-life 1.5 h)
Dosed every 8 h
Poor penetration into the CNS
Toxicity: rash, drug fever
A

Cefazolin

Pharmacokinetics, toxicities, interactions

49
Q

Caphalexin

A

Oral, first generation drug, used for treating skin and soft tissue infections and urinary tract infections

50
Q

Oral, first generation drug, used for treating skin and soft tissue infections and urinary tract infections

A

Cephalexin

51
Q

Cefuroxime

A

Oral and intravenous, second generation drug, improved activity versus Pneumococcus and Haemophilus Influenzae

52
Q

Oral, first generation drug, used for treating skin and soft tissue infections and urinary tract infections

A

Cefuroxime

53
Q

Cefotetan, cefoxitin

A

Intravenous, second generation drugs, activity versus Bacteroides fragilis allows for use in abdominal/pelvic infections

54
Q

Intravenous, second generation drugs, activity versus Bacteroides fragilis allows for use in abdominal/pelvic infections

A

Cefotetan, cefoxitin

55
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

Intravenous, third generation drug, mixed clearance with long half-life (6 hours), good CNS penetration, many uses including pneumonia, meningitis, pyelonephritis, and gonorrhea

56
Q

Intravenous, third generation drug, mixed clearance with long half-life (6 hours), good CNS penetration, many uses including pneumonia, meningitis, pyelonephritis, and gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone

57
Q

Cefotaxime

A

Intravenous, third generation, similar to ceftriaxone; however, clearance is renal and half-life is 1 hour

58
Q

Intravenous, third generation, similar to ceftriaxone; however, clearance is renal and half-life is 1 hour

A

Cefotaxime

59
Q

Ceftazidime

A

Intravenous, third generation drug, poor gram positive avtivity, good activity versus Pseudomonas

60
Q

Intravenous, third generation drug, poor gram positive avtivity, good activity versus Pseudomonas

A

Ceftazidime

61
Q

Cefepime

A

Intravenous, fourth generation drug, broad activity with improved stability to chromosomal beta lactamase

62
Q

Intravenous, fourth generation drug, broad activity with improved stability to chromosomal beta lactamase

63
Q

Carbapenems

A

Imipenem-cilastatin
Meropenem
Doripenem
Ertapenem

64
Q

Imipenem-cilastatin

A

Carbapenem

65
Q

Meropenem

A

Carbapenem

66
Q

Doripenem

A

Carbapenem

67
Q

Ertapenem

A

Carbapenem

68
Q

Imipenem-cilastatin

Mechanism of action

A

Prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibting cell wall transpeptidases

69
Q

Prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibting cell wall transpeptidases

A

Imipenem-cilastatin

Mechanism of action

70
Q

Imipenem-cilastatin

Effects

A

Rapid bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria

71
Q

Rapid bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria

A

Imipenem-cilastatin

Effects

72
Q

Imipenem-cilastatin

Clinical applications

A

Serious infections such as pneumonia and sepsis

73
Q

Serious infections such as pneumonia and sepsis

A

Imipenem-cilastatin

Clinical application

74
Q

Imipenem-cilastatin

Pharmacokinetics, toxicities, interactions

A 
IV administration
Renal clearance (half-life 1 h), dosed every 6-8 h, cilastatin added to prevent hydrolysis by renal dehydropeptidase
Toxicity: Seizures especially in renal failure or wih high doses (> 2 g/d)
75
Q 
IV administration
Renal clearance (half-life 1 h), dosed every 6-8 h, cilastatin added to prevent hydrolysis by renal dehydropeptidase
Toxicity: Seizures especially in renal failure or wih high doses (> 2 g/d)
A

Imipenem-cilastatin

Pharmacokinetics, toxicities, interactions

76
Q

Meropenem, doripenem

A

Intravenous, similar activity to imipenem; stable to renal dehydropeptidase, lower incidence serizures

77
Q

Intravenous, similar activity to imipenem; stable to renal dehydropeptidase, lower incidence serizures

A

Meropenem, doripenem

78
Q

Ertapenem

A

Intravenous, longer half-life allows for once daily dosing, lacks activity versus pseudomonas and acinetobacter

79
Q

Intravenous, longer half-life allows for once daily dosing, lacks activity versus pseudomonas and acinetobacter

80
Q

Monobactams

81
Q

Aztreonam

A

Monobactam

82
Q

Aztreonam

Mechanism of action

A

Prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting cell wall transpeptidases

83
Q

Prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting cell wall transpeptidases

A

Aztreonam

Mechanism of action

84
Q

Aztreonam

Effects

A

Rapid bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria

85
Q

Rapid bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria

A

Aztreonam

Effects

86
Q

Aztreonam

Clinical applications

A

Infections caused by aerobic, gram-negative bacteria in patients with immediate hypersensitivty to penicillins

87
Q

Infections caused by aerobic, gram-negative bacteria in patients with immediate hypersensitivty to penicillins

A

Aztreonam

Clinical applications

88
Q

Aztreonam

Pharmacokinetics, toxicities, interactions

A

IV administration
Renal clearance half-life 1.5 h
Dosed every 8 h
Toxicity: no crossallergenicity with penicillins

89
Q

IV administration
Renal clearance half-life 1.5 h
Dosed every 8 h
Toxicity: no crossallergenicity with penicillins

A

Aztreonam

Pharmacokinetics, toxicities, interactions

Pharma 5th semester (1 decks)

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