beta-blockers Flashcards
name the (2) beta-blockers with both oral and ophthalmic formulations:
- betaxolol
- timolol
are beta-blockers safe for use while breastfeeding?
- no
MOA: nadolol, propranolol, pindolol, sotalol, and timolol
- non-selective inhibition of beta-adrenergic receptors
MOA: acetbutolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, esmolol, metoprolol, nebivolol
- competitive inhibition of beta-1 receptors, with little/no effect on beta-2 receptors
MOA: carvedilol, labetalol
- selective inhibition of alpha-1 and non-selective beta-adrenergic
name the (5) non-selective beta-blockers:
- nadolol
- propranolol
- pindolol
- sotalol
- timolol
name the (7) beta-1 selective blockers:
- acebutolol
- atenolol
- betaxolol
- bisoprolol
- esmolol
- metoprolol
- nebivolol
name the (2) selective alpha-1 and non-selective beta-blockers:
- labetalol
- carvedilol
name the (8) beta-blockers that only have an oral formulation:
- atenolol
- acebutolol
- bisoprolol
- carvedilol
- metoprolol (succinate)
- nebivolol
- nadolol
- pindolol
which beta-blocker has only an intravenous formulation?
- esmolol
which beta-blockers (4) have an oral and IV formulation?
- sotalol
- metoprolol tartrate
- propranolol
- labetalol
for which indications are all IV and oral beta-blockers appropriate?
- hypertension
- SVT & Afib / Aflutter
which beta-blockers are indicated for angina? (4)
- atenolol
- metoprolol
- nadolol
- propranolol
which beta-blockers are indicated for post-MI care? (4)
- atenolol
- metoprolol
- propranolol
- timolol
which beta-blockers are indicated for elevated intraocular pressure? (2)
- timolol
- betaxolol
which beta-blockers are indicated for HFrEF? (3)
- bisoprolol
- metoprolol succinate
- carvedilol
which beta-blocker is indicated for intra- and post-operative tachycardia or HTN?
- esmolol
which beta-blocker is indicated for sinus tachycardia?
- esmolol
which beta-blocker is indicated for essential tremor?
- propranolol
which beta-blocker is indicated for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with LV outflow tract obstruction?
- propranolol
which beta-blocker is indicated for proliferating infantile hemangioma?
- propranolol
which beta-blockers are indicated for migraine prevention? (2)
- propranolol
- timolol
what is the equivalent ER dosage for carvedilol IR 3.125 mg?
- carvedilol ER 10 mg
name the common adverse reactions to beta-blockers:
- bradycardia
- fatigue
- cold extremities
- dizziness
- hypotension
name two rare, but serious side effects of beta-blockers:
- heart failure
- hepatotoxicity
what parameters can be used to measure the efficacy of beta-blockers?
- decreased BP and/or HR
- reduction in chest pain
- decreased frequency of angina attacks
- decreased use of prophylactic NTG
- improvement in s/s of HF
what parameters can be used to measure the safety of beta-blockers?
- s/s of HF (upon initiation or dose increase)
- BP, HR, possibly ECG
- renal function
what are 5 contraindications for the use of beta-blockers?
- hypersensitivity
- sinus bradycardia
- 2nd- or 3rd-degree AV block
- overt heart failure
- cardiogenic shock
what is the black box warning?
- avoid abrupt discontinuation / withdrawal
are beta-blockers safe to use in pregnancy?
- generally no (category D), but labetalol is the exception and is the preferred agent for HTN in pregnancy
NSAID interaction:
- decreases anti-HTN effect ⟶ monitor
amiodarone / dronedarone interaction:
- increased risk of bradycardia, heart block, sinus arrest ⟶ avoid
