Bernhardt Test1 Flashcards
The 5 basic concepts throughout our curriculum
Geography History Civics and government Culture Economics
5 concepts of geography
Location H.E Interaction Movement Region Place
Location
Exact ( longitude/latitude )
Relative - in relation to another place
H.E Interaction
Between people and their environment
Movement
People
Goods
Ideas
Region
Section of the world with similar features
Place
Climate
People
Forms
History
A continuous account of past events relating to a particular ppl,country,period or person. Usually written chronologically
Every event can be viewed as
A cause and an affect
What has always driven history
Economics and religion
Civics
The study of rights/duties and privileges of citizens
Government
Rule or authority over a country,state,district or the person or persons who rule
What are the most fundamental functions of government
Protection and promotion
What are government expected to do for threats
Protect the citizens from internal and external threats
What is the government supposed to promote
The common good and the individual good
Culture
A way of life of a group of people which includes their traditions customs beliefs and values
Can culture change over time
Yes
Can cultures have subcultures
Yes
What are two strong factors in the shaping of culture
Language and religion
What are the 3 basic activities of every economy
Produce,distribute and consume
Are all people consumers by nature
Yes
Human labor is required to produce and distribute what
Goods and services
There is a big difference between what in a society
Wants and needs
Inflation
When the money becomes worthless in a society
Anthropologist
Scientists who focus on human society and they study how humans developed and how they relate to each other
Archaeologist
They look for evidence buried in the ground where settlements might have been
Natural resources
Materials produced by nature
Goods
When human labor is applied to a natural resource
Human Resources
The human beings whose labor is used in any part of the production or distribution
When did history begin
5,500 years ago when ppl began to write
Who collects evidence from the past
Archaeologists
Artifacts
Tools and weapons made by human
Fossils
Preserved remains of plants and animals
Paleolithic ages lasted from
2.5 years to 10,000 years
Neolithic age lasted from
7000 to 4000 years
Hominids
Humans and human like creatures that walk upright
4 million years ago about
Nomads
ppl who move from place to place in groups
How did the humans survive in the Paleolithic age
They would hunt and gather food and supplies
What did they hunt with
They first used clubs and then eventually used spears,bows and arrows and traps
Major finds of early humans found in
Kenya
Ethiopia
Tanzania
South Africa
Lucy is short for
Australopithecus aferensis
When and who found Lucy
1974 and by Dr. Johansson
How tall was Lucy
3.5 to 5 feet tall
How old is Lucy
3.2 million years ago
Is Lucy bipedal
Yes
Ardi is short for
Ardipithecus ramidus
How old is ardi
4.4 million years ago
Is ardi bipedal
Yes
What did early humans discover in the Paleolithic age
Fire
What was the advantage of fire
Light
Protection
Warmth
Cooking
What did they develop
Spoken language ( communication )
Why was spoken language or communication an advantage
They could warn others
Work together and pass on knowledge
1st artwork appeared as animals
Inventions and improvements of tools like
Spears
Fishing hooks
Hand axes
Needles
Ice age
100,000-8,000 bc
Long periods of extreme cold when ice sheets covered parts of Asia Europe and North America
What did they do in the Neolithic period
Ppl began to domesticate plants and animals for human use (animals used for food and wool)
Farming revolution (most important event in human history)
Ppl began to stay in one place and grow food so farming replaced hunting and gathering
Wher were the the earliest known communities
Middle East
What are 2 old communities
Jericho 8000 bc Israel Jordan
Catal huyuk 6,700 bc turkey
What are the benefits of farming and living in villages
Healthier and larger populations
Bigger crops
Ppl could specialize
When and where was Otzi found
1991 and 10,500 feet on the border of Austria and Italy
When did he die
5,500 years ago
What was otzi wearing
3 layers of furs and grass
Well lined shoes
A belt
Jacket and capes
What did he have with him
Copper axe
14 arrows
A dagger
When and what was otzi’s last meal
8 hours before he died
Unleavened bread herb and meat
How did he die
An arrow was in his shoulder so it was like an armed struggle
Once what is applied to a natural resource it is now a good
Human labor
What was the first metal to make tools
Copper
Specialization
When different types of jobs are developed
During the Paleolithic age and Neolithic age tools were usually made with
Stone
In which period of the Stone Age did the farming revolution happen in
Neolithic
What is the worlds oldest community
Jericho
Which item found with otzi tells us mostly about him
Hand axe
Which continent did scientist find the most evidence on early humans
Africa
During the paleolithic age humans did what to survive
Hunt and gather
Surpluss
Over supply
How is bronze made
Combining tin and copper
