BERINGUEL Flashcards
In order to determine the split-half reliability of a test with a limited number of items, the best statistical tool to use is
Spearman brown formula
In order to determine the reliability of polytomous or unequal variables, the best statistical tool to use is
Cronbach’s Coefficient alpha
In order to determine the reliability of dichotomous variables, the best statistical tool to use is
Kuder-Richardson 20
The NEO-PI-R is an example of what kind of test
Structured Personality Test
Your test taker forgot to eat breakfast at home. While answering the test, his stomach began to grumble. What kind of threat to internal validity is present in this situation?
History
The following elements must be present before an experiment can be called as a true experiment
Must have both Random assignment and Control group
When the distribution of scores include outliers, it is better not to use
Mean
He is the first to utilize survey as a measure of data collection
Sir Francis Galton
He developed the House Tree Person Test
John Buck
He developed the Draw-a-Person Test
Florence Goodenough
He created the first ever intelligence test for school children
Alfred Binet (Binet-Simon Scale)
He edited the Binet-Simon Scale and turned it into the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test
Lewis Turman
An intelligence test that can also be used for the evaluation of learning disabilities
Woodcock-Johnson III
An intelligence test for infants
Bayley Scale
An intelligence test for young children
Kaufman Assessment Battery
The first test administered to a newborn baby (Administered in the first minute from birth, then again after 5 minutes, then again for 10 minutes when the second test is not yet okay)
Apgar Test
In order to determine the concurrent validity of a test, the statistical tool to be employed is
Pearson r
The split-half reliability is used to determine
If all items in the test measures the same dimension
The 16-PF is a personality test that could also determine unusual responses like:
- Impression Management (Social Desirability)
- Infrequency (Random responses, answering middle)
- Acquiescence (Tendency to agree to most)
When our code of ethics conflicts with the law, what is the best step to do?
Resolve the conflict while being committed to the code of ethics
For individuals who are legally incapable of providing consent, we must
Nevertheless explain appropriately to the client, obtain informed assent from them, obtain appropriate informed consent from their legal guardian
In creating research, this is the most ideal type of statement
Falsifiable Statement
A statement that is always true
Analytical Statement
A statement that is always false
Contradictory Statement
The meaning of a variable in an experiment as provided by a dictionary
Conceptual definition
Factors not included in your research but exists and affects the study
Extraneous Variable
One of the primary objectives in developing this scale was to provide an intelligence test suitable for adults, as previously available tests were all designed for school children
Weschler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale
States that measurement error is always random, and advocates standardization of tests
Classical Test Score Theory
This is a specific form of Hawthorne effect, in which the control group competes with the experimental group
John Henry Effect (Under reactivity)
The concept behind “the more items, the merrier”
Domain Sampling Model
Subjects serve more than one condition of the independent variable
Within-subjects design
In reliability, what range estimate is acceptable in the clinical setting
.95 (Because it determines the fate of an individual)
In reliability, what range estimate is acceptable in school or office settings
.70
To increase the reliability of a 35-item test
Add more items
It is necessary to obtain informed consent from participants before recording their voices or images, except when
Consent for the use is obtained during debriefing
Alice was given an intelligence test on Monday and she obtained a score of 100. She took the same test on Wednesday, and she obtained a score of 130. Based on this, the intelligence test is therefore
Not reliable and not valid
“A test can be reliable but not valid, but a test can never be valid unless reliable.”
Obtained when the test measures what it purports to measure
Construct Validity
Tests that score ambiguous responses
Sack’s Sentence Completion Test
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Purpose in Life Test
If there is evidence that the association between two variables is not significantly different from 0, then we
Reject the alternative hypothesis
At the very least, what should be the item difficulty of a multiple-choice item with four choices for it to be reasonable
.30 (Higher than the probability you will get it right even by chance)
This was developed when the classical test theory was deemed inadequate in identifying the true ability of the test takers
Item Response Theory
Psychological Test that used IRT and a non-verbal intelligence test
Raven’s Proggresive Matrices
Test-retest reliability only applies to
Stable traits
Establishing this psychometric property requires good logical skills and intuition
Content Validity
Another name for SRA Verbal Form
Thurstone Primary Mental Abilities Test
He recognized the need for the rapid classification of recruits with respect to general intellectual level during World War I
Robert Yerkes
In test-retest, carryover effects do not harm the reliability when
The changes in score happened on all of the test takers
This is established by identifying the total test scores of those who have answered correctly in a particular item of the test
Discriminability Analysis
The Mean and SD of IQ
Mean= 100; SD= 15
Personality test that can distinguish abnormal from normal behaviors
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
A research style with no direction
Two-tailed test
A research style with direction
One-tailed test
Tukey’s HSD and Fisher’s LSD are post-hoc test of what statistical treatment?
ANOVA
Projective instruments are more susceptible to faking. True or False?
False
Changes that causes performance to improve as the experiment goes on
Practice effect
Changes that causes performance to decline as the experiment goes on
Fatigue effect
Case studies have high degree of manipulation of antecedent conditions. True or False?
False
Developed the first intelligence test to include nonverbal scale as a measure of human intelligence
David Weschler
Raymond B. Cattell:
Factor Analysis, Crystallized Intelligence-Fluid Intelligence, Culture-Fair Intelligence Test, 16-PF
James McKeen Cattel
Coined the term “mental test”
When a test measures what it is supposed to measure it is…
Both reliable and valid
In 16-PF, a score of 5% and below in Impression Management indicates the client is Faking…
Bad
The tendency of test takers to score on the low end of the scale
Strictness error
The tendency of test takers to score on the high end of the scale
Leniency error
The tendency of test takers to score average on the scale
Central Tendency Error
Leniency Error, Strictness Error, and Central Tendency Error are under the umbrella term
Distribution Error
8 Threats to Internal Validity
- History
- Maturation
- Testing
- Instrumentation
- Statistical Regression
- Selection
- Subject Mortality
- Selection Interaction
The best way to control demand characteristics
Single-blind experiments (Only subjects don’t know which group they are in)
The best way to avoid experimenter bias
Double-blind experiments (Both subjects don’t know group assignments)
Often preferred test of Adlerian psychologists, this involves analyzing memories especially those of early life, as they acknowledge the central role that memories can play in the evolution of personality
Autobiographical Memories
Lorna is developing a test about altruism. According to a theory she read, altruism is not related to aggression. She then proceeded to correlate her newly-established test to another test that measures aggression. What type of validity could be established?
Divergent Validity
Cora wants to develop a test that would determine if recently fired employees would lose purpose in life after a year. She developed her Living with a Purpose scale and administered it to her participants. After a year, she administered the Purpose in Life test, and correlated its scores to the test she created a year before. Cora is trying to determine what psychometric property?
Predictive Validity
A test is more reliable when it is…
Unidimensional
The phenomenon called the Flynn effect has been observed since the beginning of the 1930s. What is affected by this phenomenon?
Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence
Occurs when a test is too hard/ too easy
Floor effect/ Ceiling effect
A specific test that measures autobiographical memories
Early Memories Procedure
A type of test that measure children’s specific problems (play therapy)
Scenotest
1st type of projective test
Catharsis and Free Association Technique
The results of this test, unlike most other personality inventories, are intended primarily for use by the test taker and presented in a non-judgmental fashion. Also this test should never be used in selection and diagnosis
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
The NEO-PI-R measures the following dimensions
Costa & McCrae’s Big Five
The MBTI measures the following dimensions
Carl Jung’s Typology
The TAT measures the following dimensions
Murray’s Psychogenic Needs
Informed consent is given to _____, while Informed assent is given to ______
Adults, Minors
The study of the measurement of the human skull and its relation to personality (phrenology) is proposed by
Franz Joseph Gall
This is the method used in identifying the item discriminability when you correlate the performance on the item and the performance on the whole test.
Point-biserial correlation
Assumes that repeated application of the same test can produce different scores X = T + E
Classical Test Score Theory
The development of this test is based on Murray’s Psychogenic Needs
Edward’s Personal Preference Schedule
Subjects serve more than one condition of the IV
Within-subject design
One factor is within subject, the other is between subject
Mixed design
In a particular university, in order to pass their entrance test a student must score at least 70 and above before admission. This is a type of ____-referenced test.
Criterion-referenced test
This is the prototype of personality questionnaire or self-report inventory, the development was not completed early enough to permit its occupational use before WWI ended and this is used as a screening device for recruits who want to enter the military service
Personal Data Sheet
Madrid wanted to identify who among her students read all the articles, and who among them only read the summary through the test she would be giving. In order to do so, the item difficulty must range between
.30-.70
Wilhelm Wund set up a laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in the year
1879
A test given to a homogeneous group in order to establish reliability will have what type of implications?
If the test would reveal to be reliable, it would mean that the test is only reliable in that particular characteristic
indicates that the test does not represent a construct other than the one for which it was devised
Discriminant Validity
In order to minimize the occurrence of events that could alter the results, it is best to
Create a control group
This is the the threat present if there is no random assignment
Selection
SD of Sten
2
The best measure of central tendency to use in strongly skewed distribution would be
Median
Kelvin is an example of what level of measurment
Ratio
