BERINGUEL Flashcards by Panic Diaz

In order to determine the split-half reliability of a test with a limited number of items, the best statistical tool to use is

Spearman brown formula

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In order to determine the reliability of polytomous or unequal variables, the best statistical tool to use is

Cronbach’s Coefficient alpha

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In order to determine the reliability of dichotomous variables, the best statistical tool to use is

Kuder-Richardson 20

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The NEO-PI-R is an example of what kind of test

Structured Personality Test

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Your test taker forgot to eat breakfast at home. While answering the test, his stomach began to grumble. What kind of threat to internal validity is present in this situation?

History

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The following elements must be present before an experiment can be called as a true experiment

Must have both Random assignment and Control group

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When the distribution of scores include outliers, it is better not to use

Mean

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He is the first to utilize survey as a measure of data collection

Sir Francis Galton

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He developed the House Tree Person Test

John Buck

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He developed the Draw-a-Person Test

Florence Goodenough

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He created the first ever intelligence test for school children

Alfred Binet (Binet-Simon Scale)

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He edited the Binet-Simon Scale and turned it into the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test

Lewis Turman

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An intelligence test that can also be used for the evaluation of learning disabilities

Woodcock-Johnson III

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An intelligence test for infants

Bayley Scale

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An intelligence test for young children

Kaufman Assessment Battery

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The first test administered to a newborn baby (Administered in the first minute from birth, then again after 5 minutes, then again for 10 minutes when the second test is not yet okay)

Apgar Test

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In order to determine the concurrent validity of a test, the statistical tool to be employed is

Pearson r

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The split-half reliability is used to determine

If all items in the test measures the same dimension

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The 16-PF is a personality test that could also determine unusual responses like:

Impression Management (Social Desirability)
Infrequency (Random responses, answering middle)
Acquiescence (Tendency to agree to most)

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When our code of ethics conflicts with the law, what is the best step to do?

Resolve the conflict while being committed to the code of ethics

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For individuals who are legally incapable of providing consent, we must

Nevertheless explain appropriately to the client, obtain informed assent from them, obtain appropriate informed consent from their legal guardian

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In creating research, this is the most ideal type of statement

Falsifiable Statement

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A statement that is always true

Analytical Statement

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A statement that is always false

Contradictory Statement

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The meaning of a variable in an experiment as provided by a dictionary

Conceptual definition

Factors not included in your research but exists and affects the study

Extraneous Variable

One of the primary objectives in developing this scale was to provide an intelligence test suitable for adults, as previously available tests were all designed for school children

Weschler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale

States that measurement error is always random, and advocates standardization of tests

Classical Test Score Theory

This is a specific form of Hawthorne effect, in which the control group competes with the experimental group

John Henry Effect (Under reactivity)

The concept behind "the more items, the merrier"

Domain Sampling Model

Subjects serve more than one condition of the independent variable

Within-subjects design

In reliability, what range estimate is acceptable in the clinical setting

.95 (Because it determines the fate of an individual)

In reliability, what range estimate is acceptable in school or office settings

.70

To increase the reliability of a 35-item test

Add more items

It is necessary to obtain informed consent from participants before recording their voices or images, except when

Consent for the use is obtained during debriefing

Alice was given an intelligence test on Monday and she obtained a score of 100. She took the same test on Wednesday, and she obtained a score of 130. Based on this, the intelligence test is therefore

Not reliable and not valid | "A test can be reliable but not valid, but a test can never be valid unless reliable."

Obtained when the test measures what it purports to measure

Construct Validity

Tests that score ambiguous responses

Sack's Sentence Completion Test Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank Purpose in Life Test

If there is evidence that the association between two variables is not significantly different from 0, then we

Reject the alternative hypothesis

At the very least, what should be the item difficulty of a multiple-choice item with four choices for it to be reasonable

.30 (Higher than the probability you will get it right even by chance)

This was developed when the classical test theory was deemed inadequate in identifying the true ability of the test takers

Item Response Theory

Psychological Test that used IRT and a non-verbal intelligence test

Raven's Proggresive Matrices

Test-retest reliability only applies to

Stable traits

Establishing this psychometric property requires good logical skills and intuition

Content Validity

Another name for SRA Verbal Form

Thurstone Primary Mental Abilities Test

He recognized the need for the rapid classification of recruits with respect to general intellectual level during World War I

Robert Yerkes

In test-retest, carryover effects do not harm the reliability when

The changes in score happened on all of the test takers

This is established by identifying the total test scores of those who have answered correctly in a particular item of the test

Discriminability Analysis

The Mean and SD of IQ

Mean= 100; SD= 15

Personality test that can distinguish abnormal from normal behaviors

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

A research style with no direction

Two-tailed test

A research style with direction

One-tailed test

Tukey's HSD and Fisher's LSD are post-hoc test of what statistical treatment?

ANOVA

Projective instruments are more susceptible to faking. True or False?

False

Changes that causes performance to improve as the experiment goes on

Practice effect

Changes that causes performance to decline as the experiment goes on

Fatigue effect

Case studies have high degree of manipulation of antecedent conditions. True or False?

False

Developed the first intelligence test to include nonverbal scale as a measure of human intelligence

David Weschler

Raymond B. Cattell:

Factor Analysis, Crystallized Intelligence-Fluid Intelligence, Culture-Fair Intelligence Test, 16-PF

James McKeen Cattel

Coined the term "mental test"

When a test measures what it is supposed to measure it is...

Both reliable and valid

In 16-PF, a score of 5% and below in Impression Management indicates the client is Faking...

Bad

The tendency of test takers to score on the low end of the scale

Strictness error

The tendency of test takers to score on the high end of the scale

Leniency error

The tendency of test takers to score average on the scale

Central Tendency Error

Leniency Error, Strictness Error, and Central Tendency Error are under the umbrella term

Distribution Error

8 Threats to Internal Validity

1. History 2. Maturation 3. Testing 4. Instrumentation 5. Statistical Regression 6. Selection 7. Subject Mortality 8. Selection Interaction

The best way to control demand characteristics

Single-blind experiments (Only subjects don't know which group they are in)

The best way to avoid experimenter bias

Double-blind experiments (Both subjects don't know group assignments)

Often preferred test of Adlerian psychologists, this involves analyzing memories especially those of early life, as they acknowledge the central role that memories can play in the evolution of personality

Autobiographical Memories

Lorna is developing a test about altruism. According to a theory she read, altruism is not related to aggression. She then proceeded to correlate her newly-established test to another test that measures aggression. What type of validity could be established?

Divergent Validity

Cora wants to develop a test that would determine if recently fired employees would lose purpose in life after a year. She developed her Living with a Purpose scale and administered it to her participants. After a year, she administered the Purpose in Life test, and correlated its scores to the test she created a year before. Cora is trying to determine what psychometric property?

Predictive Validity

A test is more reliable when it is...

Unidimensional

The phenomenon called the Flynn effect has been observed since the beginning of the 1930s. What is affected by this phenomenon?

Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence

Occurs when a test is too hard/ too easy

Floor effect/ Ceiling effect

A specific test that measures autobiographical memories

Early Memories Procedure

A type of test that measure children's specific problems (play therapy)

Scenotest

1st type of projective test

Catharsis and Free Association Technique

The results of this test, unlike most other personality inventories, are intended primarily for use by the test taker and presented in a non-judgmental fashion. Also this test should never be used in selection and diagnosis

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

The NEO-PI-R measures the following dimensions

Costa & McCrae's Big Five

The MBTI measures the following dimensions

Carl Jung's Typology

The TAT measures the following dimensions

Murray's Psychogenic Needs

Informed consent is given to _____, while Informed assent is given to ______

Adults, Minors

The study of the measurement of the human skull and its relation to personality (phrenology) is proposed by

Franz Joseph Gall

This is the method used in identifying the item discriminability when you correlate the performance on the item and the performance on the whole test.

Point-biserial correlation

Assumes that repeated application of the same test can produce different scores X = T + E

Classical Test Score Theory

The development of this test is based on Murray's Psychogenic Needs

Edward's Personal Preference Schedule

Subjects serve more than one condition of the IV

Within-subject design

One factor is within subject, the other is between subject

Mixed design

In a particular university, in order to pass their entrance test a student must score at least 70 and above before admission. This is a type of ____-referenced test.

Criterion-referenced test

This is the prototype of personality questionnaire or self-report inventory, the development was not completed early enough to permit its occupational use before WWI ended and this is used as a screening device for recruits who want to enter the military service

Personal Data Sheet

Madrid wanted to identify who among her students read all the articles, and who among them only read the summary through the test she would be giving. In order to do so, the item difficulty must range between

.30-.70

Wilhelm Wund set up a laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in the year

1879

A test given to a homogeneous group in order to establish reliability will have what type of implications?

If the test would reveal to be reliable, it would mean that the test is only reliable in that particular characteristic

indicates that the test does not represent a construct other than the one for which it was devised

Discriminant Validity

In order to minimize the occurrence of events that could alter the results, it is best to

Create a control group

This is the the threat present if there is no random assignment

Selection

SD of Sten

The best measure of central tendency to use in strongly skewed distribution would be

Median

Kelvin is an example of what level of measurment

Ratio